Fred Paas

46.2k total citations · 16 hit papers
327 papers, 30.5k citations indexed

About

Fred Paas is a scholar working on Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Developmental and Educational Psychology and Artificial Intelligence. According to data from OpenAlex, Fred Paas has authored 327 papers receiving a total of 30.5k indexed citations (citations by other indexed papers that have themselves been cited), including 205 papers in Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 183 papers in Developmental and Educational Psychology and 84 papers in Artificial Intelligence. Recurrent topics in Fred Paas's work include Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes (179 papers), Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods (102 papers) and Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning (70 papers). Fred Paas is often cited by papers focused on Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes (179 papers), Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods (102 papers) and Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning (70 papers). Fred Paas collaborates with scholars based in Netherlands, Australia and United States. Fred Paas's co-authors include Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, John Sweller, Tamara van Gog, Alexander Renkl, Huib K. Tabbers, Pascal W. M. Van Gerven, Juhani E. Tuovinen, Paul Ayres, Björn B. de Koning and Remy M. J. P. Rikers and has published in prestigious journals such as Trends in Neurosciences, Psychological Science and Journal of Educational Psychology.

In The Last Decade

Fred Paas

314 papers receiving 28.3k citations

Hit Papers

Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design 1992 2026 2003 2014 1998 2003 2003 1992 2019 1000 2.0k 3.0k
What are hit papers?

Hit papers significantly outperform the citation benchmark for their cohort. A paper qualifies if it has ≥500 total citations, achieves ≥1.5× the top-1% citation threshold for papers in the same subfield and year (this is the minimum needed to enter the top 1%, not the average within it), or reaches the top citation threshold in at least one of its specific research topics.

  1. Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design
    1998 3.7k citations Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, Fred Paas et al. Educational Psychology Review profile →
  2. Cognitive Load Theory and Instructional Design: Recent Developments
    2003 1.7k citations Fred Paas et al. profile →
  3. Cognitive Load Measurement as a Means to Advance Cognitive Load Theory
    2003 1.7k citations Fred Paas et al. profile →
  4. Training strategies for attaining transfer of problem-solving skill in statistics: A cognitive-load approach.
    1992 1.4k citations Fred Paas profile →
  5. Cognitive Architecture and Instructional Design: 20 Years Later
    2019 1.1k citations Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, Fred Paas et al. Educational Psychology Review profile →
  6. Variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem-solving skills: A cognitive-load approach.
    1994 807 citations Fred Paas, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer profile →
  7. Cognitive Load Theory: Instructional Implications of the Interaction between Information Structures and Cognitive Architecture
    2004 668 citations Fred Paas et al. Instructional Science profile →
  8. Development of an instrument for measuring different types of cognitive load
    2013 653 citations Fred Paas, Tamara van Gog et al. profile →
  9. The Efficiency of Instructional Conditions: An Approach to Combine Mental Effort and Performance Measures
    1993 645 citations Fred Paas, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer profile →
  10. Instructional control of cognitive load in the training of complex cognitive tasks
    1994 624 citations Fred Paas, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer Educational Psychology Review profile →
  11. Measurement of Cognitive Load in Instructional Research
    1994 514 citations Fred Paas, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer et al. profile →
  12. Using Electroencephalography to Measure Cognitive Load
    2010 455 citations Fred Paas, Tamara van Gog et al. Educational Psychology Review profile →
  13. Supporting Self-Regulated Learning in Online Learning Environments and MOOCs: A Systematic Review
    2018 405 citations Jacqueline Wong, Martine Baars et al. profile →
  14. Effects of pairs of problems and examples on task performance and different types of cognitive load
    2013 358 citations Fred Paas, Tamara van Gog et al. profile →
  15. A Cognitive Load Theory Approach to Defining and Measuring Task Complexity Through Element Interactivity
    2023 73 citations Fred Paas et al. Educational Psychology Review profile →
  16. The synergy of embodied cognition and cognitive load theory for optimized learning
    2025 22 citations Liye Zou, Myrto F. Mavilidi et al. Nature Human Behaviour profile →

Peers

Fred Paas
Comparison fields: 5 of 180
  • Experimental and Cognitive Psychology 15.0k
  • Developmental and Educational Psychology 14.3k
  • Education 9.4k
  • Artificial Intelligence 5.3k
  • Social Psychology 3.9k
Replace Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer with:
Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer Netherlands
John Sweller Australia
K. Anders Ericsson United States
Richard E. Mayer United States
Arthur C. Graesser United States
John D. Bransford United States
Walter Kintsch United States
Tamara van Gog Netherlands
Donald A. Norman United States
Marcia C. Linn United States
Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer Netherlands View profile →
Citations per field, relative to Fred Paas
Fred Paas · 1×
Citations per year, relative to Fred Paas
Fred Paas · 1×

Countries citing papers authored by Fred Paas

Since Specialization
Citations

This map shows the geographic impact of Fred Paas's research. It shows the number of citations coming from papers published by authors working in each country. You can also color the map by specialization and compare the number of citations received by Fred Paas with the expected number of citations based on a country's size and research output (numbers larger than one mean the country cites Fred Paas more than expected).

Fields of papers citing papers by Fred Paas

Since Specialization
Physical SciencesHealth SciencesLife SciencesSocial Sciences

This network shows the impact of papers produced by Fred Paas. Nodes represent research fields, and links connect fields that are likely to share authors. Colored nodes show fields that tend to cite the papers produced by Fred Paas. The network helps show where Fred Paas may publish in the future.

Co-authorship network of co-authors of Fred Paas

This figure shows the co-authorship network connecting the top 25 collaborators of Fred Paas. A scholar is included among the top collaborators of Fred Paas based on the total number of citations received by their joint publications. Widths of edges represent the number of papers authors have co-authored together. Node borders signify the number of papers an author published with Fred Paas. Fred Paas is excluded from the visualization to improve readability, since they are connected to all nodes in the network.

All Works

20 of 20 papers shown
# Work Indexed citations
1
Adherence to 24-hour movement guidelines: Cognitive effects in Australian preschoolers
2025 ·Mental health and physical activity ·Myrto F. Mavilidi, Liye Zou, (unknown), Dylan P. Cliff, Caterina Pesce, Chalchisa Abdeta, Fred Paas, Steven J. Howard
0
2
Goal setting in higher education: how, why, and when are students prompted to set goals? A systematic review
2025 ·Frontiers in Education ·(unknown), Jacqueline Wong, Martine Baars, Marcus Specht, Fred Paas
1
3
Longitudinal associations between physical activity intensity and mental health problems in overweight/obese youth
2025 ·Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being ·(unknown), Fabian Herold, Yanxia Chen, Zhihao Zhang, (unknown), (unknown), Cassandra J. Lowe, (unknown), Mats Hallgren, Brendon Stubbs, Myrto F. Mavilidi, Matthew Heath, Fred Paas, Liye Zou
0
4
The synergy of embodied cognition and cognitive load theory for optimized learning breakdown →
2025 ·Nature Human Behaviour ·Liye Zou, (unknown), Myrto F. Mavilidi, (unknown), Fabian Herold, (unknown), Fred Paas
22
5
Developing the Mental Effort and Load–Translingual Scale (MEL-TS) as a Foundation for Translingual Research in Self-Regulated Learning
2025 ·Educational Psychology Review ·Tino Endres, (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), (unknown), Sophia Christin Weißgerber, Juan C. Castro-Alonso, Fred Paas
5
6
Prospective associations between physical activity and internalizing/externalizing problems in preterm youth across 7 years
2024 ·Mental health and physical activity ·Zhihui Cheng, Fabian Herold, (unknown), (unknown), Markus Gerber, André O. Werneck, Fred Paas, Peter A. Hall, Yanxia Chen, Liye Zou
2
7
Adaptive support for self‐regulated learning in digital learning environments
2024 ·British Journal of Educational Technology ·Mohammad Khalil, Jacqueline Wong, Barbara Wasson, Fred Paas
10
8
Redefining education: The role of study crafting in enhancing students' well-being, self-direction, and academic achievement
2024 ·Learning and Individual Differences ·(unknown), Lisette Wijnia, Sofie M. M. Loyens, Fred Paas
2
9
Enhancing Teaching Strategies through Cognitive Load Theory: Process vs. Product Worked Examples
2024 ·Education Sciences ·(unknown), Shirley Agostinho, Sharon Tindall‐Ford, Fred Paas
5
10
The Influence of Active and Passive Procrastination on Academic Performance: A Meta-Analysis
2024 ·Education Sciences ·(unknown), (unknown), Fred Paas
7
11
“Feel free to ask”: Nudging to promote asking questions in the online classroom
2023 ·The Internet and Higher Education ·(unknown), Björn B. de Koning, (unknown), Jacqueline Wong, Fred Paas
1
12
Nudging Autonomous Learning Behavior: Three Field Experiments
2023 ·Education Sciences ·(unknown), Björn B. de Koning, Yvonne Vermetten, Fred Paas
4
13
College Students’ Perceptions of Relevance, Personal Interest, and Task Value
2022 ·The Journal of Experimental Education ·(unknown), Patricia A. Alexander, Sofie M. M. Loyens, Doug Lombardi, Fred Paas
2
14
Teaching on video as an instructional strategy to reduce confirmation bias—a pre-registered study
2021 ·Instructional Science ·(unknown), (unknown), Peter P. J. L. Verkoeijen, Fred Paas
11
15
A cross-cultural investigation on perseverance, self-regulated learning, motivation, and achievement
2021 ·Compare A Journal of Comparative and International Education ·Kate M. Xu, (unknown), Ronnel B. King, Björn B. de Koning, Fred Paas, Martine Baars, Jingjing Zhang, Renate H. M. de Groot
65
16
Nudging in education: from theory towards guidelines for successful implementation
2020 ·European Journal of Psychology of Education ·(unknown), Björn B. de Koning, Fred Paas
53
17
Designing Effective Video-Based Modeling Examples Using Gaze and Gesture Cues
2015 ·EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) ·Kim Ouwehand, Tamara van Gog, Fred Paas
58
18
Neem eens een voorbeeld aan anderen: Nieuwe impulsen voor onderzoek naar leren en instructie.
2007 ·DSpace (Open University in the Netherlands) ·Fred Paas
2
19
High versus low contextual interference in simulation-based training of troubleshooting skills: effects on transfer performance and invested mental effort
1998 ·Computers in Human Behavior ·M.B.M. de Croock, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, Fred Paas
75
20
Exercise-induced arousal and information processing
1997 ·International journal of sport psychology ·Jos J. Adam, (unknown), (unknown), Fred Paas
33

Rankless uses publication and citation data sourced from OpenAlex, an open and comprehensive bibliographic database. While OpenAlex provides broad and valuable coverage of the global research landscape, it—like all bibliographic datasets—has inherent limitations. These include incomplete records, variations in author disambiguation, differences in journal indexing, and delays in data updates. As a result, some metrics and network relationships displayed in Rankless may not fully capture the entirety of a scholar's output or impact.

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