Carl Nathan

90.8k total citations · 36 hit papers
318 papers, 73.0k citations indexed

About

Carl Nathan is a scholar working on Molecular Biology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases. According to data from OpenAlex, Carl Nathan has authored 318 papers receiving a total of 73.0k indexed citations (citations by other indexed papers that have themselves been cited), including 124 papers in Molecular Biology, 110 papers in Immunology and 82 papers in Infectious Diseases. Recurrent topics in Carl Nathan's work include Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology (73 papers), Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects (47 papers) and Immune Response and Inflammation (43 papers). Carl Nathan is often cited by papers focused on Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology (73 papers), Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects (47 papers) and Immune Response and Inflammation (43 papers). Carl Nathan collaborates with scholars based in United States, China and France. Carl Nathan's co-authors include Q W Xie, Aihao Ding, Dennis J. Stuehr, John D. MacMicking, Ted P. Szatrowski, Henry W. Murray, Christian Bogdan, Yoram Vodovotz, Zanvil A. Cohn and Yumiko Kashiwabara and has published in prestigious journals such as Nature, Science and New England Journal of Medicine.

In The Last Decade

Carl Nathan

317 papers receiving 70.4k citations

Hit Papers

Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells 1977 2026 1993 2009 1992 1997 1988 1994 1987 1000 2.0k 3.0k
What are hit papers?

Hit papers significantly outperform the citation benchmark for their cohort. A paper qualifies if it has ≥500 total citations, achieves ≥1.5× the top-1% citation threshold for papers in the same subfield and year (this is the minimum needed to enter the top 1%, not the average within it), or reaches the top citation threshold in at least one of its specific research topics.

  1. Nitric oxide as a secretory product of mammalian cells
    1992 3.8k citations Carl Nathan profile →
  2. NITRIC OXIDE AND MACROPHAGE FUNCTION
    1997 3.5k citations John D. MacMicking, Q W Xie et al. profile →
  3. Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Comparison of activating cytokines and evidence for independent production.
    1988 2.5k citations Aihao Ding, Carl Nathan et al. profile →
  4. Nitric oxide synthases: Roles, tolls, and controls
    1994 2.5k citations Carl Nathan, Q W Xie profile →
  5. Secretory products of macrophages.
    1987 2.2k citations Carl Nathan profile →
  6. Neutrophils and immunity: challenges and opportunities
    2006 2.2k citations Carl Nathan profile →
  7. Production of large amounts of hydrogen peroxide by human tumor cells.
    1991 2.2k citations Carl Nathan et al. profile →
  8. Points of control in inflammation
    2002 2.1k citations Carl Nathan profile →
  9. Role of transcription factor NF-kappa B/Rel in induction of nitric oxide synthase.
    1994 2.0k citations Carl Nathan et al. profile →
  10. Nonresolving Inflammation
    2010 1.6k citations Carl Nathan, Aihao Ding profile →
  11. Cloning and Characterization of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase from Mouse Macrophages
    1992 1.6k citations Q W Xie, Aihao Ding et al. Science profile →
  12. Identification of interferon-gamma as the lymphokine that activates human macrophage oxidative metabolism and antimicrobial activity.
    1983 1.6k citations Carl Nathan, Henry W. Murray et al. The Journal of Experimental Medicine profile →
  13. Nitric oxide. A macrophage product responsible for cytostasis and respiratory inhibition in tumor target cells.
    1989 1.5k citations Carl Nathan et al. The Journal of Experimental Medicine profile →
  14. Regulation of biosynthesis of nitric oxide.
    1994 1.4k citations Carl Nathan et al. profile →
  15. Role of nitric oxide synthesis in macrophage antimicrobial activity
    1991 1.3k citations Carl Nathan et al. profile →
  16. Beyond oxidative stress: an immunologist's guide to reactive oxygen species
    2013 1.2k citations Carl Nathan, Amy Cunningham‐Bussel profile →
  17. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in the relationship between mammalian hosts and microbial pathogens
    2000 1.2k citations Carl Nathan et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences profile →
  18. Transcriptional Adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within Macrophages
    2003 1.1k citations Dirk Schnappinger, Sabine Ehrt et al. The Journal of Experimental Medicine profile →
  19. Macrophage deactivation by interleukin 10.
    1991 1.1k citations Carl Nathan et al. The Journal of Experimental Medicine profile →
  20. Identification of nitric oxide synthase as a protective locus against tuberculosis
    1997 937 citations John D. MacMicking, Carl Nathan et al. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences profile →
  21. Deactivation of macrophages by transforming growth factor-β
    1988 744 citations Aihao Ding, Carl Nathan et al. profile →
  22. Neutrophil activation on biological surfaces. Massive secretion of hydrogen peroxide in response to products of macrophages and lymphocytes.
    1987 720 citations Carl Nathan profile →
  23. Inhibition of Viral Replication by Interferon-γ-Induced Nitric Oxide Synthase
    1993 710 citations Q W Xie, Carl Nathan et al. Science profile →
  24. Cytokines in context.
    1991 648 citations Carl Nathan et al. profile →
  25. Suppression of arthritis by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.
    1993 560 citations Nancy McCartney‐Francis, J B Allen et al. The Journal of Experimental Medicine profile →
  26. Mechanisms of suppression of macrophage nitric oxide release by transforming growth factor beta.
    1993 559 citations Q W Xie, Carl Nathan et al. The Journal of Experimental Medicine profile →
  27. Peroxynitrite reductase activity of bacterial peroxiredoxins
    2000 557 citations Ruslana Bryk, Carl Nathan et al. profile →
  28. The Macrophage as an Effector Cell
    1980 528 citations Carl Nathan, Henry W. Murray et al. profile →
  29. Conversion of Proepithelin to Epithelins
    2002 527 citations Carl Nathan, Sharon M. Wahl et al. profile →
  30. Reduced Biopterin as a Cofactor in the Generation of Nitrogen Oxides by Murine Macrophages
    1989 489 citations Carl Nathan et al. profile →
  31. Extracellular cytolysis by activated macrophages and granulocytes. II. Hydrogen peroxide as a mediator of cytotoxicity.
    1979 456 citations Carl Nathan, Zanvil A. Cohn et al. The Journal of Experimental Medicine profile →
  32. Glutathione metabolism as a determinant of therapeutic efficacy: a review.
    1984 449 citations Carl Nathan et al. profile →
  33. Hydrogen peroxide release from mouse peritoneal macrophages: dependence on sequential activation and triggering.
    1977 409 citations Carl Nathan et al. The Journal of Experimental Medicine profile →
  34. Extracellular cytolysis by activated macrophages and granulocytes. I. Pharmacologic triggering of effector cells and the release of hydrogen peroxide.
    1979 363 citations Carl Nathan, Zanvil A. Cohn et al. The Journal of Experimental Medicine profile →
  35. Local and Systemic Effects of Intradermal Recombinant Interferon-γ in Patients with Lepromatous Leprosy
    1986 261 citations Carl Nathan, William R. Levis et al. profile →
  36. Interferon- γ and infectious diseases: Lessons and prospects
    2024 53 citations Jean‐Laurent Casanova, John D. MacMicking et al. Science profile →

Peers — A (Enhanced Table)

Peers by citation overlap · career bar shows stage (early→late) cites · hero ref

Name h Career Trend Papers Cites
Carl Nathan United States 115 23.9k 22.2k 17.6k 10.6k 8.2k 318 73.0k
Anthony Cerami United States 135 18.8k 0.8× 20.7k 0.9× 10.7k 0.6× 10.8k 1.0× 2.2k 0.3× 514 76.7k
Charles A. Dinarello United States 174 36.8k 1.5× 47.0k 2.1× 9.3k 0.5× 15.9k 1.5× 5.8k 0.7× 873 108.0k
Paul Kubes Canada 113 12.7k 0.5× 26.2k 1.2× 8.1k 0.5× 6.9k 0.7× 2.6k 0.3× 423 52.5k
Charles N. Serhan United States 155 23.1k 1.0× 23.9k 1.1× 12.2k 0.7× 7.6k 0.7× 1.8k 0.2× 625 82.0k
Aldons J. Lusis United States 116 30.8k 1.3× 10.5k 0.5× 12.1k 0.7× 6.8k 0.6× 1.5k 0.2× 617 63.9k
Simon C. Watkins United States 126 28.3k 1.2× 12.9k 0.6× 7.8k 0.4× 6.7k 0.6× 1.9k 0.2× 788 59.2k
Tim R. Mosmann United States 53 22.7k 1.0× 20.7k 0.9× 4.6k 0.3× 6.4k 0.6× 3.3k 0.4× 124 75.3k
Timothy R. Billiar United States 122 19.5k 0.8× 14.0k 0.6× 12.6k 0.7× 7.7k 0.7× 943 0.1× 781 57.3k
Christian Weber Germany 131 22.5k 0.9× 22.5k 1.0× 4.8k 0.3× 7.5k 0.7× 1.6k 0.2× 1.1k 69.1k
Luke O'neill Ireland 124 23.7k 1.0× 32.5k 1.5× 5.1k 0.3× 8.3k 0.8× 3.4k 0.4× 392 61.3k

Countries citing papers authored by Carl Nathan

Since Specialization
Citations

This map shows the geographic impact of Carl Nathan's research. It shows the number of citations coming from papers published by authors working in each country. You can also color the map by specialization and compare the number of citations received by Carl Nathan with the expected number of citations based on a country's size and research output (numbers larger than one mean the country cites Carl Nathan more than expected).

Fields of papers citing papers by Carl Nathan

Since Specialization
Physical SciencesHealth SciencesLife SciencesSocial Sciences

This network shows the impact of papers produced by Carl Nathan. Nodes represent research fields, and links connect fields that are likely to share authors. Colored nodes show fields that tend to cite the papers produced by Carl Nathan. The network helps show where Carl Nathan may publish in the future.

Co-authorship network of co-authors of Carl Nathan

This figure shows the co-authorship network connecting the top 25 collaborators of Carl Nathan. A scholar is included among the top collaborators of Carl Nathan based on the total number of citations received by their joint publications. Widths of edges represent the number of papers authors have co-authored together. Node borders signify the number of papers an author published with Carl Nathan. Carl Nathan is excluded from the visualization to improve readability, since they are connected to all nodes in the network.

All Works

20 of 20 papers shown
1.
Laurent, Paôline, Vidyanath Chaudhary, Da-Qiang Li, et al.. (2025). The immunoproteasome regulates ILC2 responses by modulating mitochondrial capacity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(47). e2518190122–e2518190122. 1 indexed citations
2.
Casanova, Jean‐Laurent, John D. MacMicking, & Carl Nathan. (2024). Interferon- γ and infectious diseases: Lessons and prospects. Science. 384(6693). eadl2016–eadl2016. 53 indexed citations breakdown →
3.
Ginn, John D., Xiuju Jiang, Mayako Michino, et al.. (2021). Whole Cell Active Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Lipoamide Dehydrogenase Afford Selectivity over the Human Enzyme through Tight Binding Interactions. ACS Infectious Diseases. 7(2). 435–444. 5 indexed citations
4.
Saito, Kohta, Saurabh Mishra, Thulasi Warrier, et al.. (2021). Oxidative damage and delayed replication allow viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis to go undetected. Science Translational Medicine. 13(621). eabg2612–eabg2612. 18 indexed citations
5.
Jiang, Xiuju, et al.. (2020). Type I interferon signaling mediates Mycobacterium tuberculosis–induced macrophage death. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 218(2). 76 indexed citations
6.
Yu, Hongjun, Tania J. Lupoli, Amanda Kovach, et al.. (2018). ATP hydrolysis-coupled peptide translocation mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ClpB. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115(41). E9560–E9569. 57 indexed citations
7.
Gold, Ben & Carl Nathan. (2017). Targeting Phenotypically Tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiology Spectrum. 5(1). 87 indexed citations
8.
Bai, Lin, Pradeep K. Singh, Naoka Murakami, et al.. (2017). Structure of human immunoproteasome with a reversible and noncompetitive inhibitor that selectively inhibits activated lymphocytes. Nature Communications. 8(1). 1692–1692. 45 indexed citations
9.
Cunningham‐Bussel, Amy, Tuo Zhang, & Carl Nathan. (2013). Nitrite produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages in physiologic oxygen impacts bacterial ATP consumption and gene expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110(45). E4256–65. 72 indexed citations
10.
Carvalho, Luiz Pedro S. de, Hong Zhao, Caitlyn Dickinson, et al.. (2010). Activity-Based Metabolomic Profiling of Enzymatic Function: Identification of Rv1248c as a Mycobacterial 2-Hydroxy-3-oxoadipate Synthase. Chemistry & Biology. 17(4). 323–332. 86 indexed citations
11.
Darwin, K. Heran, Gang Lin, Zhiqiang Chen, Huilin Li, & Carl Nathan. (2004). Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasomal ATPase homologue. Molecular Microbiology. 55(2). 561–571. 107 indexed citations
12.
Schnappinger, Dirk, Sabine Ehrt, Martin I. Voskuil, et al.. (2003). Transcriptional Adaptation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within Macrophages. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 198(5). 693–704. 1114 indexed citations breakdown →
13.
Darwin, K. Heran, Sabine Ehrt, José-Carlos Gutierrez-Ramos, Nadine Weich, & Carl Nathan. (2003). The Proteasome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Required for Resistance to Nitric Oxide. Science. 302(5652). 1963–1966. 415 indexed citations
14.
Shi, Shuangping, Carl Nathan, Dirk Schnappinger, et al.. (2003). MyD88 Primes Macrophages for Full-Scale Activation by Interferon-γ yet Mediates Few Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 198(7). 987–997. 123 indexed citations
15.
McCartney‐Francis, Nancy, J B Allen, Diane Mizel, et al.. (1993). Suppression of arthritis by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase.. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 178(2). 749–754. 560 indexed citations breakdown →
16.
Nathan, Carl, K. Squires, William R. Levis, et al.. (1990). Widespread intradermal accumulation of mononuclear leukocytes in lepromatous leprosy patients treated systemically with recombinant interferon gamma.. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 172(5). 1509–1512. 25 indexed citations
17.
Melchior, Maxine, Yang‐Xin Fu, Munehiro Nakata, et al.. (1990). Cloning of cDNA for proteinase 3: a serine protease, antibiotic, and autoantigen from human neutrophils.. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 172(6). 1709–1715. 130 indexed citations
18.
Ding, Aihao & Carl Nathan. (1988). Analysis of the nonfunctional respiratory burst in murine Kupffer cells.. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 167(3). 1154–1170. 33 indexed citations
19.
Nathan, Carl, et al.. (1985). Murine Kupffer cells. Mononuclear phagocytes deficient in the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates.. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 161(5). 1079–1096. 127 indexed citations
20.
Nathan, Carl. (1967). Plague Prevention and Politics in Manchuria, 1910–1931. Harvard University Asia Center eBooks. 1 indexed citations

Rankless uses publication and citation data sourced from OpenAlex, an open and comprehensive bibliographic database. While OpenAlex provides broad and valuable coverage of the global research landscape, it—like all bibliographic datasets—has inherent limitations. These include incomplete records, variations in author disambiguation, differences in journal indexing, and delays in data updates. As a result, some metrics and network relationships displayed in Rankless may not fully capture the entirety of a scholar's output or impact.

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