Rand J. Spiro

10.3k total citations · 2 hit papers
59 papers, 5.0k citations indexed

About

Rand J. Spiro is a scholar working on Developmental and Educational Psychology, Artificial Intelligence and Education. According to data from OpenAlex, Rand J. Spiro has authored 59 papers receiving a total of 5.0k indexed citations (citations by other indexed papers that have themselves been cited), including 22 papers in Developmental and Educational Psychology, 12 papers in Artificial Intelligence and 10 papers in Education. Recurrent topics in Rand J. Spiro's work include Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods (10 papers), Educational Strategies and Epistemologies (6 papers) and Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning (6 papers). Rand J. Spiro is often cited by papers focused on Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods (10 papers), Educational Strategies and Epistemologies (6 papers) and Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning (6 papers). Rand J. Spiro collaborates with scholars based in United States, South Africa and Brazil. Rand J. Spiro's co-authors include Richard C. Anderson, William E. Montague, Sandra P. Marshall, John W. Cotton, Michael J. Jacobson, Don Nix, Paul J. Feltovich, Richard L. Coulson, Richard C. E. Anderson and Mark C. Anderson and has published in prestigious journals such as Journal of Educational Psychology, American Educational Research Journal and The American Journal of Psychology.

In The Last Decade

Rand J. Spiro

56 papers receiving 4.1k citations

Hit Papers

Similarity and Analogical Reasoning 1978 2026 1994 2010 1989 1978 500 1000 1.5k

Peers — A (Enhanced Table)

Peers by citation overlap · career bar shows stage (early→late) cites · hero ref

Name h Career Trend Papers Cites
Rand J. Spiro United States 23 2.6k 1.7k 1.2k 815 619 59 5.0k
Richard E. Snow United States 34 2.0k 0.8× 2.0k 1.2× 1.5k 1.3× 539 0.7× 389 0.6× 120 5.2k
James G. Greeno United States 43 3.7k 1.4× 4.6k 2.7× 1.1k 0.9× 1.0k 1.3× 756 1.2× 128 8.7k
John B. Black United States 25 1.7k 0.6× 488 0.3× 1.2k 1.0× 815 1.0× 999 1.6× 99 4.1k
James F. Voss United States 28 2.2k 0.9× 1.6k 1.0× 779 0.6× 530 0.7× 672 1.1× 101 4.1k
Michael Cole United States 31 1.9k 0.7× 2.2k 1.3× 724 0.6× 210 0.3× 498 0.8× 136 5.3k
Michelene T.H. United States 16 3.4k 1.3× 2.8k 1.6× 1.2k 1.0× 1.3k 1.5× 323 0.5× 22 5.8k
Chen‐Lin C. Kulik United States 33 2.5k 1.0× 4.6k 2.7× 1.0k 0.9× 731 0.9× 279 0.5× 63 7.2k
Mitchell J. Nathan United States 32 2.6k 1.0× 2.7k 1.6× 1.2k 1.0× 721 0.9× 702 1.1× 127 5.5k
Lauren Β. Resnick United States 40 3.1k 1.2× 5.3k 3.1× 598 0.5× 381 0.5× 340 0.5× 148 7.5k
Heinz Mandl Germany 25 3.3k 1.3× 2.2k 1.3× 751 0.6× 547 0.7× 180 0.3× 218 5.4k

Countries citing papers authored by Rand J. Spiro

Since Specialization
Citations

This map shows the geographic impact of Rand J. Spiro's research. It shows the number of citations coming from papers published by authors working in each country. You can also color the map by specialization and compare the number of citations received by Rand J. Spiro with the expected number of citations based on a country's size and research output (numbers larger than one mean the country cites Rand J. Spiro more than expected).

Fields of papers citing papers by Rand J. Spiro

Since Specialization
Physical SciencesHealth SciencesLife SciencesSocial Sciences

This network shows the impact of papers produced by Rand J. Spiro. Nodes represent research fields, and links connect fields that are likely to share authors. Colored nodes show fields that tend to cite the papers produced by Rand J. Spiro. The network helps show where Rand J. Spiro may publish in the future.

Co-authorship network of co-authors of Rand J. Spiro

This figure shows the co-authorship network connecting the top 25 collaborators of Rand J. Spiro. A scholar is included among the top collaborators of Rand J. Spiro based on the total number of citations received by their joint publications. Widths of edges represent the number of papers authors have co-authored together. Node borders signify the number of papers an author published with Rand J. Spiro. Rand J. Spiro is excluded from the visualization to improve readability, since they are connected to all nodes in the network.

All Works

20 of 20 papers shown
1.
Li, Tingting, Joseph Krajcik, & Rand J. Spiro. (2025). The Transformative Collaboration of Human Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence in Designing Knowledge-in-Use Science Assessment for Learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology.
2.
Spiro, Rand J., et al.. (2021). Design for now, but with the future in mind: a “cognitive flexibility theory” perspective on online learning through the lens of MOOCs. Educational Technology Research and Development. 69(1). 373–378. 10 indexed citations
3.
Spiro, Rand J. & Michael Deschryver. (2009). Constructivism: When it's the wrong idea and when it's the only idea.. 106–123. 22 indexed citations
4.
Spiro, Rand J. & Michael Deschryver. (2008). New forms of deep learning on the Web: Meeting the challenge of cognitive load in conditions of unfettered exploration.. 2 indexed citations
5.
Spiro, Rand J.. (2006). The New Gutenberg Revolution: Radical New Learning, Thinking, Teaching, and Training with Technology...Bringing the Future Near. Educational technology: The magazine for managers of change in education. 46(1). 3–4. 4 indexed citations
6.
Spiro, Rand J., et al.. (2003). Cognitive Flexibility Theory: Hypermedia for Complex Learning, Adaptive Knowledge Application, and Experience Acceleration.. Educational Technology archive. 43(5). 5–10. 94 indexed citations
7.
Feltovich, Paul J., Richard L. Coulson, & Rand J. Spiro. (2001). Learners' (mis)understanding of important and difficult concepts: a challenge to smart machines in education. MIT Press eBooks. 349–375. 34 indexed citations
8.
Siegel, Marcelle A., Sharon J. Derry, Constance Steinkuehler, et al.. (2000). Promoting Teachers' Flexible Use of the Learning Sciences through Case-Based Problem Solving on the WWW: A Theoretical Design Approach. International Conference of Learning Sciences. 2000(1). 12 indexed citations
9.
Spiro, Rand J. & Punya Mishra. (1998). Flexible learning in the periodic system with multiple representations: the design of a hypertext for learning complex concepts in chemistry. PhDT. 1–222. 3 indexed citations
10.
Feltovich, Paul J., Rand J. Spiro, & Richard L. Coulson. (1997). Issues of expert flexibility in contexts characterized by complexity and change. MIT Press eBooks. 125–146. 96 indexed citations
11.
Coulson, Richard L., Paul J. Feltovich, & Rand J. Spiro. (1997). Cognitive Flexibility in Medicine: An Application to the Recognition and Understanding of Hypertension. Advances in Health Sciences Education. 2(2). 141–161. 11 indexed citations
12.
Spiro, Rand J., Paul J. Feltovich, Michael J. Jacobson, & Richard L. Coulson. (1991). Knowledge representation, content specification, and the development of skill in situation-specific knowledge assembly: some constructivist issues as they relate to cognitive flexibility theory and hypertext. Educational Technology archive. 31(9). 22–25. 128 indexed citations
13.
Spiro, Rand J., et al.. (1990). Beyond the Evident Content Goals Part II. Toward a Theory of Educational Undercurrent. The Journal of Mathematical Behavior. 9(3). 1 indexed citations
14.
Vosniadou, Stella, Lance J. Rips, Edward E. Smith, et al.. (1989). Similarity and Analogical Reasoning. Cambridge University Press eBooks. 1600 indexed citations breakdown →
15.
Coulson, Richard L., Paul J. Feltovich, & Rand J. Spiro. (1989). Foundations of a Misunderstanding of the Ultrastructural Basis of Myocardial Failure: A Reciprocation Network of Oversimplifications. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine. 14(2). 109–146. 25 indexed citations
16.
Spiro, Rand J.. (1988). Cognitive flexibility : Advanced knowledge acquisition ill-structured domains. Conference Cognitive Science. 375–383. 11 indexed citations
17.
Spiro, Rand J.. (1982). Subjectivité et mémoire. Bulletin de psychologie. 35(356). 553–556. 1 indexed citations
18.
Spiro, Rand J.. (1980). Schema theory and reading comprehension : new directions. Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). 22 indexed citations
19.
Rittenhouse, Robert K. & Rand J. Spiro. (1979). Conservation Performance in Day and Residential School Deaf Children.. The Volta Review. 81(7). 7 indexed citations
20.
Spiro, Rand J.. (1975). Inferential reconstruction in memory for connected discourse. Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). 61 indexed citations

Rankless uses publication and citation data sourced from OpenAlex, an open and comprehensive bibliographic database. While OpenAlex provides broad and valuable coverage of the global research landscape, it—like all bibliographic datasets—has inherent limitations. These include incomplete records, variations in author disambiguation, differences in journal indexing, and delays in data updates. As a result, some metrics and network relationships displayed in Rankless may not fully capture the entirety of a scholar's output or impact.

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