Hit papers significantly outperform the citation benchmark for their cohort. A paper qualifies
if it has ≥500 total citations, achieves ≥1.5× the top-1% citation threshold for papers in the
same subfield and year (this is the minimum needed to enter the top 1%, not the average
within it), or reaches the top citation threshold in at least one of its specific research
topics.
A Comet Model. II. Physical Relations for Comets and Meteors.
Citations per year, relative to Fred L. Whipple Fred L. Whipple (= 1×)
peers
G. P. Kuiper
Countries citing papers authored by Fred L. Whipple
Since
Specialization
Citations
This map shows the geographic impact of Fred L. Whipple's research. It shows the number of citations coming from papers published by authors working in each country. You can also color the map by specialization and compare the number of citations received by Fred L. Whipple with the expected number of citations based on a country's size and research output (numbers larger than one mean the country cites Fred L. Whipple more than expected).
This network shows the impact of papers produced by Fred L. Whipple. Nodes represent research fields, and links connect fields that are likely to share authors. Colored nodes show fields that tend to cite the papers produced by Fred L. Whipple. The network helps show where Fred L. Whipple may publish in the future.
Co-authorship network of co-authors of Fred L. Whipple
This figure shows the co-authorship network connecting the top 25 collaborators of Fred L. Whipple.
A scholar is included among the top collaborators of Fred L. Whipple based on the total number of
citations received by their joint publications. Widths of edges
represent the number of papers authors have co-authored together.
Node borders
signify the number of papers an author published with Fred L. Whipple. Fred L. Whipple is excluded from
the visualization to improve readability, since they are connected to all nodes in the network.
All Works
20 of 20 papers shown
1.
Szegő, K., R. Z. Sagdeev, Fred L. Whipple, et al.. (1995). Images of the nucleus of Comet Halley. Volume 2: obtained by the Television System (TVS) on board the Vega spacecraft..4 indexed citations
2.
Whipple, Fred L.. (1989). Comets in the space age. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 341(1). 1078.7 indexed citations
3.
Whipple, Fred L.. (1987). The Cometary Nucleus - Current Concepts. A&A. 187. 852.19 indexed citations
4.
Reitsema, H. J., W. A. Delamere, & Fred L. Whipple. (1987). Comparison of active regions on the nucleus of comet Halley.. ESASP. 278. 455–459.2 indexed citations
5.
Whipple, Fred L.. (1983). 1983 TB and the Geminid Meteors. International Astronomical Union Circular. 3881. 1.23 indexed citations
6.
Whipple, Fred L. & Rudolph E. Schild. (1983). Comet IRAS-Araki-Alcock (1983d) - An Intimate Study (Invited) ( 10 min. ). Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 15. 799.2 indexed citations
7.
Whipple, Fred L.. (1981). Orbiting the Sun. Harvard University Press eBooks.6 indexed citations
8.
Whipple, Fred L., et al.. (1980). Periodic Comet Halley. International Astronomical Union Circular. 3459. 1.7 indexed citations
Whipple, Fred L. & Z. Sekanina. (1978). Rotation Axis and Surface Morphology of a Comet Nucleus from Observations of Fan-Shaped Structures in the Coma.. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 10. 589.3 indexed citations
11.
Whipple, Fred L.. (1977). Rotation and outbursts of comet P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 9. 563.3 indexed citations
12.
Whipple, Fred L.. (1977). On the Brightness Variations and Surface Structures of Cometary Nuclei.. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 9. 507.1 indexed citations
13.
Whipple, Fred L.. (1976). Comet Kohoutek in retrospect.. 120(1). 1–6.
14.
Whipple, Fred L.. (1967). The meteoritic environment of the Moon. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 296(1446). 304–315.17 indexed citations
15.
Whipple, Fred L. & R. P. Stefanik. (1964). On the Physics and Splitting of Cometary Nuclei. 12. 33–52.13 indexed citations
16.
Whipple, Fred L. & D. H. Douglas−Hamilton. (1964). Brightness Changes in Periodic Comets. 12. 486–497.4 indexed citations
17.
Whipple, Fred L.. (1963). Meteoritic erosion in space. 7. 239.6 indexed citations
Whipple, Fred L. & L. G. Jacchia. (1957). Reduction Methods for Photographic Meteor Trails. 1. 183–206.25 indexed citations
20.
Whipple, Fred L.. (1952). On the Icy Conglomerate Model for Comets. 4. 281–288.3 indexed citations
Rankless uses publication and citation data sourced from OpenAlex, an open and comprehensive
bibliographic database. While OpenAlex provides broad and valuable coverage of the global
research landscape, it—like all bibliographic datasets—has inherent limitations. These include
incomplete records, variations in author disambiguation, differences in journal indexing, and
delays in data updates. As a result, some metrics and network relationships displayed in
Rankless may not fully capture the entirety of a scholar's output or impact.