Hit papers significantly outperform the citation benchmark for their cohort. A paper qualifies
if it has ≥500 total citations, achieves ≥1.5× the top-1% citation threshold for papers in the
same subfield and year (this is the minimum needed to enter the top 1%, not the average
within it), or reaches the top citation threshold in at least one of its specific research
topics.
Endogenous production, exogenous delivery and impact-shock synthesis of organic molecules: an inventory for the origins of life
1992916 citationsChristopher F. Chyba, Carl Saganprofile →
This map shows the geographic impact of Carl Sagan's research. It shows the number of citations coming from papers published by authors working in each country. You can also color the map by specialization and compare the number of citations received by Carl Sagan with the expected number of citations based on a country's size and research output (numbers larger than one mean the country cites Carl Sagan more than expected).
This network shows the impact of papers produced by Carl Sagan. Nodes represent research fields, and links connect fields that are likely to share authors. Colored nodes show fields that tend to cite the papers produced by Carl Sagan. The network helps show where Carl Sagan may publish in the future.
Co-authorship network of co-authors of Carl Sagan
This figure shows the co-authorship network connecting the top 25 collaborators of Carl Sagan.
A scholar is included among the top collaborators of Carl Sagan based on the total number of
citations received by their joint publications. Widths of edges
represent the number of papers authors have co-authored together.
Node borders
signify the number of papers an author published with Carl Sagan. Carl Sagan is excluded from
the visualization to improve readability, since they are connected to all nodes in the network.
Sagan, Carl & S. J. Ostro. (1994). Long-range consequences of interplanetary collisions. Issues in Science and Technology. 10(4). 67–72.8 indexed citations
3.
Sagan, Carl. (1993). Why we Need to Understand Science. 22. 52.9 indexed citations
4.
Thompson, W. R., Carl Sagan, David Stephenson, & Michael R. Wing. (1992). Impact-Mediated Chemical Evolution on Titan. 24.3 indexed citations
5.
Thompson, W. R. & Carl Sagan. (1992). Organic chemistry on Titan: Surface interactions. ESASP. 338. 167–176.35 indexed citations
6.
Sagan, Carl & Christopher F. Chyba. (1991). The Early Faint Sun "Paradox" Revisited: Massive Greenhouse Effects on Early Earth and Mars?. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 23. 1211.2 indexed citations
7.
Sagan, Carl, W. R. Thompson, B. N. Khare, & Bertram G. Murray. (1986). Radiation Darkening of CH 4 -clathrate: Implications for the Uranian Satellites. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 18. 785.4 indexed citations
8.
Sagan, Carl, William Forde Thompson, B. N. Khare, et al.. (1985). Introduction. Symposium - International Astronomical Union. 112. 103–106.1 indexed citations
9.
Khare, B. N., Todd J. Henry, W. R. Thompson, et al.. (1985). Stratospheric Tholins in the Outer Planets: Synthesis by Coronal/Plasma Discharge in H 2 /CH 4 Flows.. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 17. 708.4 indexed citations
10.
Sagan, Carl, W. R. Thompson, B. N. Khare, & E. T. Arakawa. (1984). Titan: Multiple Light Scattering by Organic Tholins and Condensates. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 16. 665.4 indexed citations
11.
Khare, B. N., et al.. (1982). Molecular Analysis of Tholins Produced under Simulated Titan Conditions.. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 14. 714.6 indexed citations
12.
Khare, B. N., Carl Sagan, & J. Gradie. (1981). Reflection Spectra of Simulated Titan Organic Clouds.. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 13. 701.8 indexed citations
13.
Thompson, W. R. & Carl Sagan. (1981). The Microwave Spectrum of Titan: Compatibility with Post-Voyager Atmospheric Models.. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 13. 703.3 indexed citations
14.
Sagan, Carl. (1980). Signale der Erde : unser Planet stellt sich vor. CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research).2 indexed citations
15.
Pollack, James B., O. B. Toon, & Carl Sagan. (1974). Physical Properties of the Particles Composing the Great Martian Dust Storm of 1971. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 6. 370.4 indexed citations
16.
Veverka, Joseph & Carl Sagan. (1974). McLaughlin and Mars. American Scientist. 62(1). 44–53.7 indexed citations
17.
Veverka, J., et al.. (1971). The Occultation of Beta Scorpii by Jupiter; An Ultraviolet Light Curve and Its Interpretation.. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 3. 374.4 indexed citations
18.
Sagan, Carl & B. N. Khare. (1970). Production of Organic Molecules in the Interstellar Medium. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 2. 340.5 indexed citations
19.
Chapman, C. R., J. B. Pollack, & Carl Sagan. (1968). An analysis of the Mariner 4 photography of Mars. 268(2). 321–5.21 indexed citations
20.
Pollack, J. B. & Carl Sagan. (1967). A Analysis of Martian Photometry and Polarimetry. NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA). 258.10 indexed citations
Rankless uses publication and citation data sourced from OpenAlex, an open and comprehensive
bibliographic database. While OpenAlex provides broad and valuable coverage of the global
research landscape, it—like all bibliographic datasets—has inherent limitations. These include
incomplete records, variations in author disambiguation, differences in journal indexing, and
delays in data updates. As a result, some metrics and network relationships displayed in
Rankless may not fully capture the entirety of a scholar's output or impact.