R. E. Billingham

16.2k total citations · 7 hit papers
180 papers, 12.2k citations indexed

About

R. E. Billingham is a scholar working on Immunology, Surgery and Transplantation. According to data from OpenAlex, R. E. Billingham has authored 180 papers receiving a total of 12.2k indexed citations (citations by other indexed papers that have themselves been cited), including 56 papers in Immunology, 50 papers in Surgery and 36 papers in Transplantation. Recurrent topics in R. E. Billingham's work include Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research (35 papers), Xenotransplantation and immune response (28 papers) and RNA Interference and Gene Delivery (22 papers). R. E. Billingham is often cited by papers focused on Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research (35 papers), Xenotransplantation and immune response (28 papers) and RNA Interference and Gene Delivery (22 papers). R. E. Billingham collaborates with scholars based in United States, United Kingdom and Mexico. R. E. Billingham's co-authors include P. B. Medawar, L Brent, Willys K. Silvers, Clyde F. Barker, Alan E. Beer, Judith R. Head, Peter Medawar, A. E. Beer, Frederick Grinnell and W K Silvers and has published in prestigious journals such as Nature, Science and New England Journal of Medicine.

In The Last Decade

R. E. Billingham

175 papers receiving 10.7k citations

Hit Papers

5 papers align trajectories

What are hit papers?

Hit papers significantly outperform the citation benchmark for their cohort. A paper qualifies if it has ≥500 total citations, achieves ≥1.5× the top-1% citation threshold for papers in the same subfield and year (this is the minimum needed to enter the top 1%, not the average within it), or reaches the top citation threshold in at least one of its specific research topics.

‘Actively Acquired Tolerance’ of Foreign Cells

1953 2.2k citations R. E. Billingham, L Brent et al. profile →
Immunologically Privileged Sites

1978 676 citations Clyde F. Barker, R. E. Billingham Advances in immunology profile →
The Technique of Free Skin Grafting in Mammals

1951 618 citations R. E. Billingham, P. B. Medawar profile →
Quantitative Studies on Tissue Transplantation Immunity. III. Actively Acquired Tolerance

1956 517 citations R. E. Billingham, L Brent et al. profile →
Quantitative studies on tissue transplantation immunity. II. The origin, strength and duration of actively and adoptively acquired immunity

1954 335 citations R. E. Billingham, L Brent et al. profile →
The use of skin grafting to distinguish between monozygotic and dizygotic twins in cattle

1951 244 citations R. E. Billingham, P. B. Medawar et al. profile →
Effect of Cortisone on Survival of Skin Homografts in Rabbits

1951 224 citations R. E. Billingham, P. L. KROHN et al. BMJ profile →

Peers — A (Enhanced Table)

Peers by citation overlap · career bar shows stage (early→late) cites · hero ref

Name	h						Papers	Cites
R. E. Billingham United States	52	5.0k	2.3k	2.0k	1.5k	1.4k	180	12.2k
P. B. Medawar United Kingdom	33	3.0k 0.6×	1.4k 0.6×	1.2k 0.6×	857 0.6×	1.1k 0.8×	91	6.9k
Alan M. Krensky United States	70	9.5k 1.9×	1.1k 0.5×	3.3k 1.6×	675 0.5×	415 0.3×	228	15.8k
J. Wayne Streilein United States	80	10.6k 2.1×	1.4k 0.6×	4.3k 2.1×	1.1k 0.7×	314 0.2×	414	23.0k
Peter S. Heeger United States	58	6.3k 1.3×	2.5k 1.1×	1.7k 0.8×	707 0.5×	3.5k 2.4×	219	12.0k
Hidetoshi Inoko Japan	64	7.7k 1.5×	810 0.4×	3.3k 1.6×	2.4k 1.7×	289 0.2×	485	15.3k
Jean Kanitakis France	49	1.1k 0.2×	1.9k 0.8×	1.3k 0.6×	707 0.5×	2.1k 1.4×	402	10.3k
Hugh O. McDevitt United States	75	16.1k 3.2×	3.6k 1.6×	4.4k 2.2×	7.8k 5.4×	169 0.1×	224	25.8k
Frans H.J. Claas Netherlands	64	8.8k 1.8×	4.9k 2.1×	2.0k 1.0×	1.3k 0.9×	5.2k 3.6×	585	19.2k
Gerald T. Nepom United States	68	8.3k 1.7×	3.1k 1.4×	2.1k 1.1×	5.4k 3.7×	134 0.1×	331	14.7k
R. Alan B. Ezekowitz United States	72	10.5k 2.1×	2.0k 0.9×	4.6k 2.3×	788 0.5×	93 0.1×	138	17.7k

Countries citing papers authored by R. E. Billingham

Since Specialization

Citations

This map shows the geographic impact of R. E. Billingham's research. It shows the number of citations coming from papers published by authors working in each country. You can also color the map by specialization and compare the number of citations received by R. E. Billingham with the expected number of citations based on a country's size and research output (numbers larger than one mean the country cites R. E. Billingham more than expected).

Fields of papers citing papers by R. E. Billingham

Since Specialization

Physical SciencesHealth SciencesLife SciencesSocial Sciences

This network shows the impact of papers produced by R. E. Billingham. Nodes represent research fields, and links connect fields that are likely to share authors. Colored nodes show fields that tend to cite the papers produced by R. E. Billingham. The network helps show where R. E. Billingham may publish in the future.

Co-authorship network of co-authors of R. E. Billingham

This figure shows the co-authorship network connecting the top 25 collaborators of R. E. Billingham. A scholar is included among the top collaborators of R. E. Billingham based on the total number of citations received by their joint publications. Widths of edges represent the number of papers authors have co-authored together. Node borders signify the number of papers an author published with R. E. Billingham. R. E. Billingham is excluded from the visualization to improve readability, since they are connected to all nodes in the network.

All Works

Sort: Min cites: Since: Top N: Style:

20 of 20 papers shown

Head, Judith R., William B. Neaves, & R. E. Billingham. (1983). Immunologic privilege and the testis. Transplantation Proceedings. 15(1). 274–276. 3 indexed citations

Billingham, R. E. & Judith R. Head. (1983). The riddle of the allogeneic conceptus. Transplantation Proceedings. 15(1). 877–882. 3 indexed citations

Beer, A. E. & R. E. Billingham. (1979). Transplantation in nature.. Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich). 22(2 Pt 1). 155–69. 2 indexed citations

Barker, Clyde F. & R. E. Billingham. (1978). Immunologically Privileged Sites. Advances in immunology. 25. 1–54. 676 indexed citations breakdown →

Beer, Alan E. & R. E. Billingham. (1976). The immunobiology of mammalian reproduction. The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory). 117 indexed citations

Barker, Clyde F. & R. E. Billingham. (1973). SKELETAL MUSCLE AS A PRIVILEGED SITE FOR ORTHOTOPIC SKIN ALLOGRAFTS. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 138(1). 289–299. 18 indexed citations

Billingham, R. E.. (1971). The transplantation biology of mammalian gestation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 111(4). 469–483. 27 indexed citations

Streilein, J. Wayne & R. E. Billingham. (1970). AN ANALYSIS OF THE GENETIC REQUIREMENTS FOR DELAYED CUTANEOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS TO TRANSPLANTATION ANTIGENS IN MICE. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 131(2). 409–427. 17 indexed citations

Silvers, Willys K. & R. E. Billingham. (1969). STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOTHERAPY OF RUNT DISEASE IN RATS. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 129(4). 647–661. 11 indexed citations

10.

Silvers, Willys K. & R. E. Billingham. (1969). INFLUENCE OF THE Ag-B LOCUS ON REACTIVITY TO SKIN HOMOGRAFTS AND TOLERANCE RESPONSIVENESS IN RATS. Transplantation. 8(2). 167–178. 23 indexed citations

11.

Billingham, R. E.. (1967). Lymphocyte Response to Antigens. B. Efferent Side of Sensitization Arc. Transplantation. 5(Supplement). 976–985. 7 indexed citations

12.

Billingham, R. E., W K Silvers, & Joseph E. Murray. (1966). The biology of the skin and hair growth. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 37(6). 576–576. 8 indexed citations

13.

Montagna, William & R. E. Billingham. (1964). Wound healing : proceedings of the Brown University symposium on the biology of skin, 1963. Pergamon Press eBooks. 1 indexed citations

14.

Billingham, R. E.. (1964). Transplantation Immunity and the Maternal-Fetal Relation. New England Journal of Medicine. 270(14). 720–725. 195 indexed citations

15.

Billingham, R. E. & Willys K. Silvers. (1963). The Origin and Conservation of Epidermal Specificities. New England Journal of Medicine. 268(9). 477–480. 50 indexed citations

16.

Billingham, R. E. & Willys K. Silvers. (1963). The Origin and Conservation of Epidermal Specificities. New England Journal of Medicine. 268(10). 539–545. 52 indexed citations

17.

Billingham, R. E. & Willys K. Silvers. (1961). Transplantation of tissues and cells. 127 indexed citations

18.

Billingham, R. E.. (1960). FREEZING AND DRYING. BMJ. 2(5210). 1432–1432. 12 indexed citations

19.

Billingham, R. E., L Brent, & P. B. Medawar. (1958). EXTRACTION OF ANTIGENS CAUSING TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. 22(4). 377–380. 76 indexed citations

20.

Billingham, R. E., P. L. KROHN, & P. B. Medawar. (1951). Effect of Locally Applied Cortisone Acetatè on Survival of Skin Homografts in Rabbits. BMJ. 2(4739). 1049–1053. 79 indexed citations

Rankless uses publication and citation data sourced from OpenAlex, an open and comprehensive bibliographic database. While OpenAlex provides broad and valuable coverage of the global research landscape, it—like all bibliographic datasets—has inherent limitations. These include incomplete records, variations in author disambiguation, differences in journal indexing, and delays in data updates. As a result, some metrics and network relationships displayed in Rankless may not fully capture the entirety of a scholar's output or impact.

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