Kenneth W. Spence

6.3k total citations · 2 hit papers
44 papers, 3.8k citations indexed

About

Kenneth W. Spence is a scholar working on Cognitive Neuroscience, Social Psychology and Developmental and Educational Psychology. According to data from OpenAlex, Kenneth W. Spence has authored 44 papers receiving a total of 3.8k indexed citations (citations by other indexed papers that have themselves been cited), including 8 papers in Cognitive Neuroscience, 6 papers in Social Psychology and 5 papers in Developmental and Educational Psychology. Recurrent topics in Kenneth W. Spence's work include Memory and Neural Mechanisms (3 papers), Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies (3 papers) and Emotional Intelligence and Performance (3 papers). Kenneth W. Spence is often cited by papers focused on Memory and Neural Mechanisms (3 papers), Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies (3 papers) and Emotional Intelligence and Performance (3 papers). Kenneth W. Spence collaborates with scholars based in United States. Kenneth W. Spence's co-authors include M. E. Bitterman, Ilya Farber, Janet A. Taylor, Leonard E. Ross, Janet T. Spence, John R. Platt, Roger W. Black, Milton A. Trapold, O. Hobart Mowrer and Donald K. Adams and has published in prestigious journals such as Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences and Psychological Bulletin.

In The Last Decade

Kenneth W. Spence

43 papers receiving 2.7k citations

Hit Papers

Behavior Theory and Conditioning 1956 2026 1979 2002 1957 1956 250 500 750 1000
What are hit papers?

Hit papers significantly outperform the citation benchmark for their cohort. A paper qualifies if it has ≥500 total citations, achieves ≥1.5× the top-1% citation threshold for papers in the same subfield and year (this is the minimum needed to enter the top 1%, not the average within it), or reaches the top citation threshold in at least one of its specific research topics.

  1. Behavior Theory and Conditioning
    1957 1.1k citations M. E. Bitterman, Kenneth W. Spence The American Journal of Psychology profile →
  2. Behavior theory and conditioning.
    1956 629 citations Kenneth W. Spence profile →

Peers — A (Enhanced Table)

Peers by citation overlap · career bar shows stage (early→late) cites · hero ref

Name h Career Trend Papers Cites
Kenneth W. Spence United States 25 1.0k 941 734 647 514 44 3.8k
O. Hobart Mowrer United States 22 1.1k 1.1× 1.3k 1.4× 984 1.3× 788 1.2× 1.4k 2.7× 77 4.6k
Gregory A. Kimble United States 25 855 0.8× 1.1k 1.1× 666 0.9× 387 0.6× 279 0.5× 87 3.0k
Joseph B. Sidowski United States 12 337 0.3× 955 1.0× 443 0.6× 468 0.7× 219 0.4× 36 2.2k
Richard D. Walk United States 20 437 0.4× 1.1k 1.1× 746 1.0× 530 0.8× 171 0.3× 55 2.8k
John J. Furedy Canada 30 375 0.4× 1.3k 1.4× 1.1k 1.5× 612 0.9× 472 0.9× 204 3.1k
H. D. Kimmel United States 24 480 0.5× 804 0.9× 361 0.5× 330 0.5× 279 0.5× 99 2.1k
C. B. Ferster United States 4 2.9k 2.9× 1.7k 1.8× 370 0.5× 397 0.6× 660 1.3× 4 4.2k
Irving Maltzman United States 26 295 0.3× 866 0.9× 324 0.4× 682 1.1× 292 0.6× 88 2.0k
Frances K. McSweeney United States 33 1.9k 1.8× 1.3k 1.4× 529 0.7× 225 0.3× 333 0.6× 111 4.0k
G. W. Granger United Kingdom 10 318 0.3× 1.1k 1.2× 577 0.8× 593 0.9× 164 0.3× 22 2.0k

Countries citing papers authored by Kenneth W. Spence

Since Specialization
Citations

This map shows the geographic impact of Kenneth W. Spence's research. It shows the number of citations coming from papers published by authors working in each country. You can also color the map by specialization and compare the number of citations received by Kenneth W. Spence with the expected number of citations based on a country's size and research output (numbers larger than one mean the country cites Kenneth W. Spence more than expected).

Fields of papers citing papers by Kenneth W. Spence

Since Specialization
Physical SciencesHealth SciencesLife SciencesSocial Sciences

This network shows the impact of papers produced by Kenneth W. Spence. Nodes represent research fields, and links connect fields that are likely to share authors. Colored nodes show fields that tend to cite the papers produced by Kenneth W. Spence. The network helps show where Kenneth W. Spence may publish in the future.

Co-authorship network of co-authors of Kenneth W. Spence

This figure shows the co-authorship network connecting the top 25 collaborators of Kenneth W. Spence. A scholar is included among the top collaborators of Kenneth W. Spence based on the total number of citations received by their joint publications. Widths of edges represent the number of papers authors have co-authored together. Node borders signify the number of papers an author published with Kenneth W. Spence. Kenneth W. Spence is excluded from the visualization to improve readability, since they are connected to all nodes in the network.

All Works

20 of 20 papers shown
1.
Spence, Kenneth W. & John R. Platt. (1967). Effects of partial reinforcement on acquisition and extinction of the conditioned eyeblink in a masking situation.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 74(2, Pt.1). 259–263. 14 indexed citations
2.
Spence, Kenneth W. & Janet T. Spence. (1966). Sex and anxiety differences in eyelid conditioning.. Psychological Bulletin. 65(3). 137–142. 39 indexed citations
3.
Spence, Kenneth W. & Edward Deaux. (1966). Conditioning (habit growth) in the absence of CRs. Psychonomic Science. 6(2). 61–62. 2 indexed citations
4.
Spence, Kenneth W.. (1965). Individual differences in human eyelid conditioning. Psychonomic Science. 3(1-12). 333–334. 1 indexed citations
5.
Black, Roger W. & Kenneth W. Spence. (1965). Effects of intertrial reinforcement on resistance to extinction following extended training.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 70(6). 559–563. 22 indexed citations
6.
Spence, Kenneth W., et al.. (1964). The effect of overlearning on rate of extinction of the eyelid CR. Psychonomic Science. 1(1-12). 315–316. 6 indexed citations
7.
Spence, Kenneth W., et al.. (1964). Extinction of the human eyelid CR as a function of the discriminability of the change from acquisition to extinction.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 67(6). 545–552. 30 indexed citations
8.
Spence, Kenneth W.. (1963). Cognitive Factors in the Extinction of the Conditioned Eyelid Response in Humans. Science. 140(3572). 1224–1225. 24 indexed citations
9.
Spence, Kenneth W., et al.. (1963). Performance in differential conditioning as a function of variation in magnitude of reward.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 65(1). 86–93. 26 indexed citations
10.
Spence, Kenneth W.. (1957). The Empirical Basis and Theoretical Structure of Psychology. Philosophy of Science. 24(2). 97–108. 11 indexed citations
11.
Bitterman, M. E. & Kenneth W. Spence. (1957). Behavior Theory and Conditioning. The American Journal of Psychology. 70(1). 141–141. 1121 indexed citations breakdown →
12.
Taylor, Janet A. & Kenneth W. Spence. (1954). Conditioning level in the behavior disorders.. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology. 49(4, Pt.1). 497–502. 35 indexed citations
13.
Spence, Kenneth W., et al.. (1954). Differential conditioning and level of anxiety.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 48(5). 399–403. 45 indexed citations
14.
Spence, Kenneth W. & Janet A. Taylor. (1953). The relation of conditioned response strength to anxiety in normal, neurotic, and psychotic subjects.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 45(4). 265–272. 73 indexed citations
15.
Spence, Kenneth W.. (1953). Learning and performance in eyelid conditioning as a function of intensity of the UCS.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 45(1). 57–63. 90 indexed citations
16.
Taylor, Janet A. & Kenneth W. Spence. (1953). "The relationship of anxiety level to performance in serial learning": Erratum.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 46(6). 462–462. 1 indexed citations
17.
Spence, Kenneth W.. (1953). Mathematical Theories of Learning. The Journal of General Psychology. 49(2). 283–291. 4 indexed citations
18.
Farber, Ilya & Kenneth W. Spence. (1953). Complex learning and conditioning as a function of anxiety.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 45(2). 120–125. 151 indexed citations
19.
Taylor, Janet A. & Kenneth W. Spence. (1952). The relationship of anxiety level to performance in serial learning.. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 44(2). 61–64. 192 indexed citations
20.
Spence, Kenneth W.. (1952). Mathematical formulations of learning phenomena.. Psychological Review. 59(2). 152–160. 12 indexed citations

Rankless uses publication and citation data sourced from OpenAlex, an open and comprehensive bibliographic database. While OpenAlex provides broad and valuable coverage of the global research landscape, it—like all bibliographic datasets—has inherent limitations. These include incomplete records, variations in author disambiguation, differences in journal indexing, and delays in data updates. As a result, some metrics and network relationships displayed in Rankless may not fully capture the entirety of a scholar's output or impact.

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