Leonard Spero

1.7k total citations
45 papers, 1.3k citations indexed

About

Leonard Spero is a scholar working on Infectious Diseases, Molecular Biology and Immunology. According to data from OpenAlex, Leonard Spero has authored 45 papers receiving a total of 1.3k indexed citations (citations by other indexed papers that have themselves been cited), including 14 papers in Infectious Diseases, 14 papers in Molecular Biology and 13 papers in Immunology. Recurrent topics in Leonard Spero's work include Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders (11 papers), Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus (10 papers) and Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins (8 papers). Leonard Spero is often cited by papers focused on Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders (11 papers), Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus (10 papers) and Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins (8 papers). Leonard Spero collaborates with scholars based in United States, Romania and Canada. Leonard Spero's co-authors include Edward J. Schantz, James J. Schmidt, Joseph F. Metzger, William G. Roessler, Anna D. Johnson, Priti Maheshwari, Amita Garg, G R Norman, Jack Wagman and John R. Warren and has published in prestigious journals such as Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal of Biological Chemistry and The Journal of Immunology.

In The Last Decade

Leonard Spero

45 papers receiving 1.0k citations

Peers — A (Enhanced Table)

Peers by citation overlap · career bar shows stage (early→late) cites · hero ref

Name h Career Trend Papers Cites
Leonard Spero United States 19 457 444 398 180 141 45 1.3k
Patricia McGraw United States 19 805 1.8× 303 0.7× 239 0.6× 128 0.7× 59 0.4× 25 1.6k
W Laird United States 14 540 1.2× 180 0.4× 404 1.0× 178 1.0× 26 0.2× 20 1.5k
Denis Brochu Canada 17 467 1.0× 326 0.7× 125 0.3× 108 0.6× 61 0.4× 34 1.2k
M. C. Hardegree United States 22 481 1.1× 141 0.3× 403 1.0× 95 0.5× 21 0.1× 43 1.3k
P A Kongshavn Canada 24 606 1.3× 454 1.0× 591 1.5× 53 0.3× 17 0.1× 66 1.9k
J E Alouf France 15 567 1.2× 322 0.7× 309 0.8× 24 0.1× 50 0.4× 28 1.4k
Howard S. Tranter United Kingdom 14 203 0.4× 248 0.6× 379 1.0× 61 0.3× 16 0.1× 33 880
F. Audibert France 21 863 1.9× 204 0.5× 881 2.2× 424 2.4× 17 0.1× 70 2.0k
Nakaba Sugimoto Japan 24 907 2.0× 569 1.3× 362 0.9× 22 0.1× 35 0.2× 50 2.1k
Diana Pauly Germany 24 495 1.1× 136 0.3× 536 1.3× 210 1.2× 69 0.5× 45 1.5k

Countries citing papers authored by Leonard Spero

Since Specialization
Citations

This map shows the geographic impact of Leonard Spero's research. It shows the number of citations coming from papers published by authors working in each country. You can also color the map by specialization and compare the number of citations received by Leonard Spero with the expected number of citations based on a country's size and research output (numbers larger than one mean the country cites Leonard Spero more than expected).

Fields of papers citing papers by Leonard Spero

Since Specialization
Physical SciencesHealth SciencesLife SciencesSocial Sciences

This network shows the impact of papers produced by Leonard Spero. Nodes represent research fields, and links connect fields that are likely to share authors. Colored nodes show fields that tend to cite the papers produced by Leonard Spero. The network helps show where Leonard Spero may publish in the future.

Co-authorship network of co-authors of Leonard Spero

This figure shows the co-authorship network connecting the top 25 collaborators of Leonard Spero. A scholar is included among the top collaborators of Leonard Spero based on the total number of citations received by their joint publications. Widths of edges represent the number of papers authors have co-authored together. Node borders signify the number of papers an author published with Leonard Spero. Leonard Spero is excluded from the visualization to improve readability, since they are connected to all nodes in the network.

All Works

20 of 20 papers shown
1.
Garg, Amita, G R Norman, Leonard Spero, & Priti Maheshwari. (1999). Do virtual computer models hinder anatomy learning?. Academic Medicine. 74(10). S87–9. 138 indexed citations
2.
Lee, Chan Yong, et al.. (1987). Sequence determination and comparison of the exfoliative toxin A and toxin B genes from Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Bacteriology. 169(9). 3904–3909. 107 indexed citations
3.
Spero, Leonard & Joseph F. Metzger. (1981). [48] Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology. 78(Pt A). 331–336. 3 indexed citations
4.
Johnson, Anna D. & Leonard Spero. (1981). Comparison of Growth and Toxin Production in Two Vaccine Strains of Bacillus anthracis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 41(6). 1479–1481. 6 indexed citations
5.
Spero, Leonard. (1981). Analysis of the near-ultraviolet circular dichroic spectra of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure. 671(2). 193–201. 3 indexed citations
6.
Middlebrook, John L., Leonard Spero, & Patrick Argos. (1980). The secondary structure of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B and C. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure. 621(2). 233–240. 16 indexed citations
7.
Spero, Leonard, et al.. (1978). Biological activities of the peptides of staphylococcal enterotoxin C formed by limited tryptic hydrolysis.. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 253(24). 8787–8791. 58 indexed citations
8.
Spero, Leonard, et al.. (1976). Effect of single and double peptide bond scission by trypsin on the structure and activity of staphylococcal enterotoxin C.. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 251(18). 5580–5588. 39 indexed citations
9.
Metzger, J F, Anna D. Johnson, & Leonard Spero. (1975). Intrinsic and chemically produced microheterogeneity of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin type C. Infection and Immunity. 12(1). 93–97. 17 indexed citations
10.
Warren, Jim, Leonard Spero, J F Metzger, & Virginia McGann. (1975). Immunogenicity of Formaldehyde-Inactivated Enterotoxins A and C1 of Staphylococcus aureus. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 131(5). 535–542. 3 indexed citations
11.
Warren, John R., Leonard Spero, & Joseph F. Metzger. (1974). Stabilization of native structure by the closed disulfide loop of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure. 359(2). 351–363. 7 indexed citations
12.
Warren, John R., Leonard Spero, & Joseph F. Metzger. (1974). The pH dependence of enterotoxin polymerization by formaldehyde. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure. 365(2). 434–438. 3 indexed citations
13.
Spero, Leonard, John R. Warren, & Joseph F. Metzger. (1974). Microheterogeneity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure. 336(1). 79–85. 21 indexed citations
14.
Spero, Leonard, et al.. (1971). Guanidination and nitroguanidination of staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure. 251(3). 345–356. 7 indexed citations
15.
Spero, Leonard, et al.. (1970). The role of sulfhydryl groups in the activity of type A botulinum toxin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure. 214(2). 350–354. 32 indexed citations
16.
Lamanna, Carl, Leonard Spero, & Edward J. Schantz. (1970). Dependence of Time to Death on Molecular Size of Botulinum Toxin. Infection and Immunity. 1(4). 423–424. 20 indexed citations
17.
Schantz, Edward J., et al.. (1967). Amino acid composition of crystalline botulinum toxin, type A. Journal of Bacteriology. 94(1). 277–278. 15 indexed citations
18.
Spero, Leonard, et al.. (1964). Automatic amino acid analysis of replicate samples. Analytical Biochemistry. 8(2). 265–268. 1 indexed citations
19.
Spero, Leonard, et al.. (1961). OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOR IN VITRO OF PASTEURELLA TULARENSIS AFTER PHAGOCYTOSIS. Journal of Bacteriology. 81(3). 470–473. 9 indexed citations
20.
Weil, Leopold, Thomas S. Seibles, Leonard Spero, & Edward J. Schantz. (1957). Photooxidation of crystalline Clostridium botulinum type a toxin in the presence of methylene blue. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 68(2). 308–313. 15 indexed citations

Rankless uses publication and citation data sourced from OpenAlex, an open and comprehensive bibliographic database. While OpenAlex provides broad and valuable coverage of the global research landscape, it—like all bibliographic datasets—has inherent limitations. These include incomplete records, variations in author disambiguation, differences in journal indexing, and delays in data updates. As a result, some metrics and network relationships displayed in Rankless may not fully capture the entirety of a scholar's output or impact.

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