Fred Shaffer

9.9k total citations · 3 hit papers
26 papers, 6.6k citations indexed

About

Fred Shaffer is a scholar working on Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Biomedical Engineering and Complementary and alternative medicine. According to data from OpenAlex, Fred Shaffer has authored 26 papers receiving a total of 6.6k indexed citations (citations by other indexed papers that have themselves been cited), including 15 papers in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, 9 papers in Biomedical Engineering and 8 papers in Complementary and alternative medicine. Recurrent topics in Fred Shaffer's work include Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control (15 papers), Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring (8 papers) and Cardiovascular and exercise physiology (8 papers). Fred Shaffer is often cited by papers focused on Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control (15 papers), Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring (8 papers) and Cardiovascular and exercise physiology (8 papers). Fred Shaffer collaborates with scholars based in United States and Taiwan. Fred Shaffer's co-authors include J. P. Ginsberg, Rollin McCraty, C Zerr, Zachary M. Meehan, Erik Peper, Donald Moss, Jayla Gray, I‐Mei Lin, Randy Neblett and Richard Harvey and has published in prestigious journals such as Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers in Neuroscience and Frontiers in Public Health.

In The Last Decade

Fred Shaffer

23 papers receiving 6.4k citations

Hit Papers

align trajectories

What are hit papers?

Hit papers significantly outperform the citation benchmark for their cohort. A paper qualifies if it has ≥500 total citations, achieves ≥1.5× the top-1% citation threshold for papers in the same subfield and year (this is the minimum needed to enter the top 1%, not the average within it), or reaches the top citation threshold in at least one of its specific research topics.

An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms

2017 4.2k citations Fred Shaffer, J. P. Ginsberg Frontiers in Public Health profile →
A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart's anatomy and heart rate variability

2014 1.3k citations Fred Shaffer, Rollin McCraty et al. Frontiers in Psychology profile →
Heart Rate Variability: New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, Assessment of Self-regulatory Capacity, and Health Risk

2015 668 citations Rollin McCraty, Fred Shaffer Global Advances in Health and Medicine profile →

Peers — A (Enhanced Table)

Peers by citation overlap · career bar shows stage (early→late) cites · hero ref

Name	h						Papers	Cites
Fred Shaffer United States	10	4.7k	1.7k	1.2k	1.1k	878	26	6.6k
Mika P. Tarvainen Finland	32	3.8k 0.8×	1.7k 1.0×	1.4k 1.2×	1.2k 1.1×	667 0.8×	144	6.9k
J. P. Ginsberg United States	19	3.2k 0.7×	1.2k 0.7×	880 0.8×	811 0.7×	540 0.6×	37	5.3k
Rollin McCraty United States	31	3.6k 0.8×	1.0k 0.6×	1.1k 1.0×	991 0.9×	777 0.9×	85	6.3k
Junichiro Hayano Japan	44	5.8k 1.2×	1.9k 1.1×	869 0.8×	869 0.8×	1.0k 1.2×	215	7.9k
Phyllis K. Stein United States	59	8.8k 1.9×	2.2k 1.3×	1.2k 1.1×	1.1k 1.1×	1.3k 1.4×	184	11.6k
Perttu Ranta-aho Finland	11	2.5k 0.5×	1.1k 0.6×	913 0.8×	623 0.6×	479 0.5×	17	3.8k
J. Philip Saul United States	54	11.5k 2.5×	3.0k 1.8×	1.4k 1.2×	1.1k 1.1×	1.1k 1.3×	191	15.1k
Tim Meyer Germany	58	2.8k 0.6×	1.1k 0.7×	901 0.8×	1.2k 1.1×	3.2k 3.6×	328	12.8k
Marek Malik United Kingdom	24	11.7k 2.5×	3.7k 2.2×	2.0k 1.7×	1.4k 1.3×	1.8k 2.1×	52	14.4k
Paul M. Lehrer United States	45	4.0k 0.9×	765 0.5×	1.4k 1.2×	2.2k 2.0×	1.2k 1.3×	175	8.3k

Countries citing papers authored by Fred Shaffer

Since Specialization

Citations

This map shows the geographic impact of Fred Shaffer's research. It shows the number of citations coming from papers published by authors working in each country. You can also color the map by specialization and compare the number of citations received by Fred Shaffer with the expected number of citations based on a country's size and research output (numbers larger than one mean the country cites Fred Shaffer more than expected).

Fields of papers citing papers by Fred Shaffer

Since Specialization

Physical SciencesHealth SciencesLife SciencesSocial Sciences

This network shows the impact of papers produced by Fred Shaffer. Nodes represent research fields, and links connect fields that are likely to share authors. Colored nodes show fields that tend to cite the papers produced by Fred Shaffer. The network helps show where Fred Shaffer may publish in the future.

Co-authorship network of co-authors of Fred Shaffer

This figure shows the co-authorship network connecting the top 25 collaborators of Fred Shaffer. A scholar is included among the top collaborators of Fred Shaffer based on the total number of citations received by their joint publications. Widths of edges represent the number of papers authors have co-authored together. Node borders signify the number of papers an author published with Fred Shaffer. Fred Shaffer is excluded from the visualization to improve readability, since they are connected to all nodes in the network.

All Works

Sort: Min cites: Since: Top N: Style:

20 of 20 papers shown

Meehan, Zachary M. & Fred Shaffer. (2024). Do Longer Exhalations Increase HRV During Slow-Paced Breathing?. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 49(3). 407–417. 3 indexed citations

Shaffer, Fred, Donald Moss, & Zachary M. Meehan. (2022). Rhythmic Skeletal Muscle Tension Increases Heart Rate Variability at 1 and 6 Contractions Per Minute. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 47(3). 183–192. 7 indexed citations

Meehan, Zachary M. & Fred Shaffer. (2022). Adding Core Muscle Contraction to Wrist-Ankle Rhythmical Skeletal Muscle Tension Increases Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Low-Frequency Power. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 48(1). 127–134. 2 indexed citations

Shaffer, Fred & Zachary M. Meehan. (2022). An Undergraduate Program with Heart: Thirty Years of Truman HRV Research. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 47(4). 317–326. 2 indexed citations

Shaffer, Fred & Donald Moss. (2022). Review of I. Z. Khazan (2019), Biofeedback and Mindfulness in Everyday Life: Practical Solutions for Improving Your Health and Performance. W. W. Norton and Company. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 47(4). 357–360. 5 indexed citations

Shaffer, Fred, Zachary M. Meehan, & C Zerr. (2020). A Critical Review of Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability Norms Research. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 14. 594880–594880. 133 indexed citations

Shaffer, Fred & Zachary M. Meehan. (2020). A Practical Guide to Resonance Frequency Assessment for Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 14. 570400–570400. 83 indexed citations

Peper, Erik & Fred Shaffer. (2018). Biofeedback History: An Alternative View. Biofeedback. 46(4). 80–85. 3 indexed citations

Shaffer, Fred & J. P. Ginsberg. (2017). An Overview of Heart Rate Variability Metrics and Norms. Frontiers in Public Health. 5. 258–258. 4207 indexed citations breakdown →

10.

Peper, Erik, et al.. (2016). Calibrating Respiratory Strain Gauges: What the Numbers Mean for Monitoring Respiration. Biofeedback. 44(2). 101–105.

11.

McCraty, Rollin & Fred Shaffer. (2015). Heart Rate Variability: New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, Assessment of Self-regulatory Capacity, and Health Risk ᗳ⦷ਈᔲᙗ˖ޣҾ⭏⨶ᵪǃ㠚ᖻ㜭 ڕᓧ仾䲙䇴Ⲵᯠ㿲⛩ Variabilidad de frecuencia cardiaca: Nuevas perspectivas sobre mecanismos fisiológicos, valoración de la capacidad autorreguladora y riesgo de la salud. 1 indexed citations

12.

McCraty, Rollin & Fred Shaffer. (2015). Heart Rate Variability: New Perspectives on Physiological Mechanisms, Assessment of Self-regulatory Capacity, and Health Risk. Global Advances in Health and Medicine. 4(1). 46–61. 668 indexed citations breakdown →

13.

Shaffer, Fred, Rollin McCraty, & C Zerr. (2014). A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart's anatomy and heart rate variability. Frontiers in Psychology. 5. 1040–1040. 1293 indexed citations breakdown →

14.

Peper, Erik, et al.. (2014). Making the Unaware Aware: Surface Electromyography to Unmask Tension and Teach Awareness. Biofeedback. 42(1). 16–23. 2 indexed citations

15.

Shaffer, Fred, et al.. (2013). Heart Rate Variability Anatomy and Physiology. Biofeedback. 41(1). 13–25. 45 indexed citations

16.

Shaffer, Fred, et al.. (2011). BCIA Meets the Challenges of Growth in Biofeedback and Neurofeedback. Biofeedback. 39(3). 87–89. 1 indexed citations

17.

Peper, Erik, Fred Shaffer, & I‐Mei Lin. (2010). Garbage In; Garbage Out—Identify Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) Artifacts Before Analyzing and Interpreting BVP, Blood Volume Pulse Amplitude, and Heart Rate/Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Data. Biofeedback. 38(1). 19–23. 11 indexed citations

18.

Shaffer, Fred & Randy Neblett. (2010). Practical Anatomy and Physiology: The Skeletal Muscle System. Biofeedback. 38(2). 47–51. 6 indexed citations

19.

Peper, Erik & Fred Shaffer. (2010). Biofeedback History: An Alternative View. Biofeedback. 38(4). 142–147. 8 indexed citations

20.

Shaffer, Fred, et al.. (1981). Electromyographic assessment of chronic low-back pain syndrome.. PubMed. 80(11). 728–30. 48 indexed citations

Rankless uses publication and citation data sourced from OpenAlex, an open and comprehensive bibliographic database. While OpenAlex provides broad and valuable coverage of the global research landscape, it—like all bibliographic datasets—has inherent limitations. These include incomplete records, variations in author disambiguation, differences in journal indexing, and delays in data updates. As a result, some metrics and network relationships displayed in Rankless may not fully capture the entirety of a scholar's output or impact.

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