Wolfram Schultz

47.5k total citations · 17 hit papers
192 papers, 32.7k citations indexed

About

Wolfram Schultz is a scholar working on Cognitive Neuroscience, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience and General Decision Sciences. According to data from OpenAlex, Wolfram Schultz has authored 192 papers receiving a total of 32.7k indexed citations (citations by other indexed papers that have themselves been cited), including 147 papers in Cognitive Neuroscience, 93 papers in Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience and 30 papers in General Decision Sciences. Recurrent topics in Wolfram Schultz's work include Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies (98 papers), Neural dynamics and brain function (73 papers) and Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior (72 papers). Wolfram Schultz is often cited by papers focused on Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies (98 papers), Neural dynamics and brain function (73 papers) and Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior (72 papers). Wolfram Schultz collaborates with scholars based in United Kingdom, Switzerland and United States. Wolfram Schultz's co-authors include Philippe N. Tobler, Paul Apicella, Christopher D. Fiorillo, T. Ljungberg, Anthony Dickinson, Jeffrey R. Hollerman, Ranulfo Romo, Léon Tremblay, Eugenio Scarnati and Shunsuke Kobayashi and has published in prestigious journals such as Nature, Science and Cell.

In The Last Decade

Wolfram Schultz

187 papers receiving 31.9k citations

Hit Papers

Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons 1992 2026 2003 2014 1998 2002 2003 2005 2000 1000 2.0k 3.0k
What are hit papers?

Hit papers significantly outperform the citation benchmark for their cohort. A paper qualifies if it has ≥500 total citations, achieves ≥1.5× the top-1% citation threshold for papers in the same subfield and year (this is the minimum needed to enter the top 1%, not the average within it), or reaches the top citation threshold in at least one of its specific research topics.

  1. Predictive Reward Signal of Dopamine Neurons
    1998 3.2k citations Wolfram Schultz profile →
  2. Getting Formal with Dopamine and Reward
    2002 1.8k citations Wolfram Schultz Neuron profile →
  3. Discrete Coding of Reward Probability and Uncertainty by Dopamine Neurons
    2003 1.4k citations Christopher D. Fiorillo, Philippe N. Tobler et al. Science profile →
  4. Behavioral Theories and the Neurophysiology of Reward
    2005 1.0k citations Wolfram Schultz profile →
  5. Neuronal Coding of Prediction Errors
    2000 1.0k citations Wolfram Schultz et al. profile →
  6. Multiple Dopamine Functions at Different Time Courses
    2007 1.0k citations Wolfram Schultz profile →
  7. Responses of monkey dopamine neurons to reward and conditioned stimuli during successive steps of learning a delayed response task
    1993 925 citations Wolfram Schultz et al. Journal of Neuroscience profile →
  8. Multiple reward signals in the brain
    2000 918 citations Wolfram Schultz Nature reviews. Neuroscience profile →
  9. Adaptive Coding of Reward Value by Dopamine Neurons
    2005 913 citations Philippe N. Tobler, Christopher D. Fiorillo et al. Science profile →
  10. Dopamine neurons report an error in the temporal prediction of reward during learning
    1998 806 citations Wolfram Schultz et al. profile →
  11. Responses of monkey dopamine neurons during learning of behavioral reactions
    1992 751 citations Wolfram Schultz et al. profile →
  12. Behavioral dopamine signals
    2007 741 citations Wolfram Schultz profile →
  13. Dopamine responses comply with basic assumptions of formal learning theory
    2001 726 citations Wolfram Schultz et al. profile →
  14. Neuronal Reward and Decision Signals: From Theories to Data
    2015 688 citations Wolfram Schultz profile →
  15. Neuronal activity in monkey ventral striatum related to the expectation of reward
    1992 595 citations Wolfram Schultz, Eugenio Scarnati et al. Journal of Neuroscience profile →
  16. Dopamine neurons and their role in reward mechanisms
    1997 592 citations Wolfram Schultz profile →
  17. Dopamine reward prediction-error signalling: a two-component response
    2016 573 citations Wolfram Schultz Nature reviews. Neuroscience profile →

Peers — A (Enhanced Table)

Peers by citation overlap · career bar shows stage (early→late) cites · hero ref

Name h Career Trend Papers Cites
Wolfram Schultz United Kingdom 81 21.5k 15.4k 5.7k 2.9k 2.9k 192 32.7k
Okihide Hikosaka Japan 90 18.9k 0.9× 10.8k 0.7× 3.6k 0.6× 2.7k 0.9× 4.0k 1.4× 220 27.4k
Gary Aston‐Jones United States 97 20.6k 1.0× 16.5k 1.1× 6.7k 1.2× 4.0k 1.3× 1.3k 0.4× 250 36.4k
Bernard W. Balleine Australia 71 13.0k 0.6× 11.1k 0.7× 3.4k 0.6× 3.4k 1.2× 1.1k 0.4× 223 20.5k
Kent Berridge United States 93 14.9k 0.7× 16.7k 1.1× 5.7k 1.0× 6.8k 2.3× 1.1k 0.4× 197 39.4k
Terry E. Robinson United States 86 10.6k 0.5× 20.6k 1.3× 7.9k 1.4× 5.5k 1.9× 1.2k 0.4× 207 31.0k
Edmund T. Rolls United Kingdom 138 43.5k 2.0× 15.4k 1.0× 2.6k 0.5× 5.7k 1.9× 1.5k 0.5× 573 64.4k
Michael J. Frank United States 79 18.0k 0.8× 5.0k 0.3× 1.4k 0.2× 1.5k 0.5× 3.6k 1.3× 248 25.5k
Earl K. Miller United States 73 30.1k 1.4× 6.5k 0.4× 1.6k 0.3× 2.6k 0.9× 643 0.2× 172 35.7k
Nathaniel D. Daw United States 71 15.5k 0.7× 4.9k 0.3× 1.6k 0.3× 2.0k 0.7× 673 0.2× 169 21.3k
Roy A. Wise Canada 88 10.1k 0.5× 23.2k 1.5× 10.5k 1.8× 3.8k 1.3× 1.3k 0.4× 238 32.9k

Countries citing papers authored by Wolfram Schultz

Since Specialization
Citations

This map shows the geographic impact of Wolfram Schultz's research. It shows the number of citations coming from papers published by authors working in each country. You can also color the map by specialization and compare the number of citations received by Wolfram Schultz with the expected number of citations based on a country's size and research output (numbers larger than one mean the country cites Wolfram Schultz more than expected).

Fields of papers citing papers by Wolfram Schultz

Since Specialization
Physical SciencesHealth SciencesLife SciencesSocial Sciences

This network shows the impact of papers produced by Wolfram Schultz. Nodes represent research fields, and links connect fields that are likely to share authors. Colored nodes show fields that tend to cite the papers produced by Wolfram Schultz. The network helps show where Wolfram Schultz may publish in the future.

Co-authorship network of co-authors of Wolfram Schultz

This figure shows the co-authorship network connecting the top 25 collaborators of Wolfram Schultz. A scholar is included among the top collaborators of Wolfram Schultz based on the total number of citations received by their joint publications. Widths of edges represent the number of papers authors have co-authored together. Node borders signify the number of papers an author published with Wolfram Schultz. Wolfram Schultz is excluded from the visualization to improve readability, since they are connected to all nodes in the network.

All Works

20 of 20 papers shown
1.
Amita, Hidetoshi, et al.. (2025). Fluorescence detection of dopamine signaling to the primate striatum in relation to stimulus–reward associations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 122(11). e2426861122–e2426861122.
2.
Hickman, R. W., et al.. (2024). Dopamine neurons encode trial-by-trial subjective reward value in an auction-like task. Nature Communications. 15(1). 8138–8138. 2 indexed citations
3.
Tobler, Philippe N., et al.. (2024). Social Risk Coding by Amygdala Activity and Connectivity with the Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience. 45(5). e1149242024–e1149242024. 2 indexed citations
4.
Ferrari-Toniolo, Simone & Wolfram Schultz. (2023). Reliable population code for subjective economic value from heterogeneous neuronal signals in primate orbitofrontal cortex. Neuron. 111(22). 3683–3696.e7. 2 indexed citations
5.
Schultz, Wolfram, et al.. (2021). Comparing utility functions between risky and riskless choice in rhesus monkeys. Animal Cognition. 25(2). 385–399. 3 indexed citations
6.
Ferrari-Toniolo, Simone, et al.. (2021). Nonhuman Primates Satisfy Utility Maximization in Compliance with the Continuity Axiom of Expected Utility Theory. Journal of Neuroscience. 41(13). 2964–2979. 10 indexed citations
7.
Ferrari-Toniolo, Simone, et al.. (2019). Probability Distortion Depends on Choice Sequence in Rhesus Monkeys. Journal of Neuroscience. 39(15). 2915–2929. 19 indexed citations
8.
Schultz, Wolfram. (2016). Dopamine reward prediction-error signalling: a two-component response. Nature reviews. Neuroscience. 17(3). 183–195. 573 indexed citations breakdown →
9.
Schultz, Wolfram. (2016). Reward functions of the basal ganglia. Journal of Neural Transmission. 123(7). 679–693. 156 indexed citations
10.
Burke, Christopher J., Michelle Baddeley, Philippe N. Tobler, & Wolfram Schultz. (2016). Partial Adaptation of Obtained and Observed Value Signals Preserves Information about Gains and Losses. Journal of Neuroscience. 36(39). 10016–10025. 27 indexed citations
11.
Grabenhorst, Fabian, et al.. (2016). Neural Basis for Economic Saving Strategies in Human Amygdala-Prefrontal Reward Circuits. Current Biology. 26(22). 3004–3013. 19 indexed citations
12.
Schultz, Wolfram, Regina M. Carelli, & R. Mark Wightman. (2015). Phasic dopamine signals: from subjective reward value to formal economic utility. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 5. 147–154. 63 indexed citations
13.
Schultz, Wolfram. (2011). Potential Vulnerabilities of Neuronal Reward, Risk, and Decision Mechanisms to Addictive Drugs. Neuron. 69(4). 603–617. 127 indexed citations
14.
Miyapuram, Krishna Prasad, et al.. (2009). Imaging Brain Regions with Susceptibility-induced Signal Losses using Gradient and Spin Echo Techniques. eScholarship (California Digital Library). 31(31).
15.
Tobler, Philippe N., George I. Christopoulos, John P. O’Doherty, Raymond J. Dolan, & Wolfram Schultz. (2009). Risk-dependent reward value signal in human prefrontal cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106(17). 7185–7190. 129 indexed citations
16.
Miyapuram, Krishna Prasad, et al.. (2009). Money Illusion in the human brain. eScholarship (California Digital Library). 31(31).
17.
Tobler, Philippe N., Christopher D. Fiorillo, & Wolfram Schultz. (2005). Adaptive Coding of Reward Value by Dopamine Neurons. Science. 307(5715). 1642–1645. 913 indexed citations breakdown →
18.
Fiorillo, Christopher D., Philippe N. Tobler, & Wolfram Schultz. (2003). Discrete Coding of Reward Probability and Uncertainty by Dopamine Neurons. Science. 299(5614). 1898–1902. 1385 indexed citations breakdown →
19.
Schultz, Wolfram. (1997). The Phasic Reward Signal of Primate Dopamine Neurons. Advances in pharmacology. 42. 686–690. 120 indexed citations
20.
Romo, Ranulfo, Eugenio Scarnati, & Wolfram Schultz. (1992). Role of primate basal ganglia and frontal cortex in the internal generation of movements. Experimental Brain Research. 91(3). 385–395. 215 indexed citations

Rankless uses publication and citation data sourced from OpenAlex, an open and comprehensive bibliographic database. While OpenAlex provides broad and valuable coverage of the global research landscape, it—like all bibliographic datasets—has inherent limitations. These include incomplete records, variations in author disambiguation, differences in journal indexing, and delays in data updates. As a result, some metrics and network relationships displayed in Rankless may not fully capture the entirety of a scholar's output or impact.

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