Standout Papers
Citation Impact
Citing Papers
Significant contribution of stacking faults to the strain hardening behavior of Cu-15%Al alloy with different grain sizes
2015
Thermal activation parameters of plastic flow reveal deformation mechanisms in the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy
2017
LAMMPS - a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales
2021 Standout
Work hardening and dynamical recovery of F.C.C. metals in multiple glide
1989
Twinning-related grain boundary engineering
2004 Standout
Microstructure-based modelling of isotropic and kinematic strain hardening in a precipitation-hardened aluminium alloy
2011
Dislocation density-based modeling of deformation behavior of aluminium under equal channel angular pressing
2003
Multi-Phase-Field Model to Simulate Microstructure Evolutions during Dynamic Recrystallization
2008
Strategies for improving the sustainability of structural metals
2019 StandoutNature
Microstructural evolution of single-crystalline aluminum during multipeak stress oscillation at 623 K
1992
Additively manufactured hierarchical stainless steels with high strength and ductility
2017 Standout
Probing the limits of metal plasticity with molecular dynamics simulations
2017 Nature
Dual-phase nanostructuring as a route to high-strength magnesium alloys
2017 Nature
High tensile ductility in a nanostructured metal
2002 StandoutNature
Static recrystallization of SiO2-particle containing {011}<100> copper single crystals
2003
Hardening stages of [112] copper single crystals at intermediate and high temperatures—I. Mechanical behaviour
1993
Size-affected single-slip behavior of pure nickel microcrystals
2005
Nucleation of recrystallization in boron doped Ni3Al
1998
Thermal recovery processes in deformed aluminum
1979
Tensile deformation behavior of high manganese austenitic steel: The role of grain size
2010
A dislocation-based model for all hardening stages in large strain deformation
1998
Effects of particles on development of microstructure and texture during rolling and recrystallisation in fcc alloys
1990
Plastic instabilities: phenomenology and theory
1991
The role of twinning during dynamic recrystallization in alloy 800H
2002
Effects of lamellae spacing and colony size on the fracture resistance of a fully-lamellar TiAl alloy
1995
Strain rate changes and activation volume
1976
Strengthening Materials by Engineering Coherent Internal Boundaries at the Nanoscale
2009 StandoutScience
Deformation microstructure and orientation of f.c.c. crystals
1995
Effect of grain and twin boundaries on the hardening mechanisms of twinning-induced plasticity steels
2007
Multistage strain hardening through dislocation substructure and twinning in a high strength and ductile weight-reduced Fe–Mn–Al–C steel
2012
Embedded polycrystal plasticity and adaptive sampling
2007
Modeling of aluminum via filling by forcefill
2003
Study on the orientational stability of cube-oriented FCC crystals under plane strain by use of a texture component crystal plasticity finite element method
2004
Microstructural evolution of a 304-type austenitic stainless steel during rolling at temperatures of 773–1273 K
2014
Dislocation annihilation in plastic deformation: II. Kocks–Mecking Analysis
2012
Heterogeneous lamella structure unites ultrafine-grain strength with coarse-grain ductility
2015 Standout
Microstructural evolution and strain hardening of Fe–24Mn and Fe–30Mn alloys during tensile deformation
2009
Recrystallization–precipitation interaction during austenite hot deformation of a Nb microalloyed steel
2011
Using texture components in crystal plasticity finite element simulations
2003
Softening behavior by excessive twinning and adiabatic heating at high strain rate in a Fe–20Mn–0.6C TWIP steel
2015
Large strain deformation studies using polycrystalline magnesium as a rock analogue. Part II: dynamic recrystallisation mechanisms at high temperatures
1985
Modeling the deformation textures and microstructural evolutions of a Fe–Mn–C TWIP steel during tensile and shear testing
2012
Bauschinger Effect and Back Stress in Gradient Cu-Ge Alloy
2017
Modelling discontinuous dynamic recrystallization using a physically based model for nucleation
2009
Using high-pressure torsion for metal processing: Fundamentals and applications
2008 Standout
The high-strain-rate response of alpha-titanium: experiments, deformation mechanisms and modeling
1998
Local strain hardening and nonuniformity of plastic deformation
1986
On the flow stress of [100]- and [111]-oriented Cu-Mn single crystals: A transmission electron microscopy study
1992
Large strain work hardening and textures
1980
Validation of a model for static and dynamic recrystallization in metals
2012
Influence of temperature and strain rate on slip and twinning behavior of zr
1995
Texture evolution in equal-channel angular extrusion
2009
Advancing towards constitutive equations for the metal industry via the LEDS theory
2004
A modified level set approach to 2D modeling of dynamic recrystallization
2013
Strength and ductility of 316L austenitic stainless steel strengthened by nano-scale twin bundles
2011
Grain boundary effects and void porosity evolution
2003
Grain size dependence of the plastic deformation kinetics in Cu
2002
Alloy Design, Combinatorial Synthesis, and Microstructure–Property Relations for Low-Density Fe-Mn-Al-C Austenitic Steels
2014
A three-dimensional crystal plasticity model for duplex Ti–6Al–4V
2007
Investigation of three-dimensional aspects of grain-scale plastic surface deformation of an aluminum oligocrystal
2008
Overview of constitutive laws, kinematics, homogenization and multiscale methods in crystal plasticity finite-element modeling: Theory, experiments, applications
2009 Standout
Effect of Process Parameters on a Metallurgical Route Providing Nano‐Structured Single Phase Steel with High Work‐Hardening
2011
Nucleation of dynamic recrystallization at grain boundaries in copper bicrystals
2004
The influence of stacking fault energy on the microstructural and strain-hardening evolution of Fe–Mn–Al–Si steels during tensile deformation
2015
Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials
2005 Standout
Modelling the behaviour of polycrystalline austenitic steel with twinning-induced plasticity effect
2007
Mechanical behavior and strengthening mechanisms in ultrafine grain precipitation-strengthened aluminum alloy
2013 Standout
Prediction of steel flow stresses at high temperatures and strain rates
1991
Comparison of texture evolution in fcc metals predicted by various grain cluster homogenization schemes
2009
Extreme grain refinement by severe plastic deformation: A wealth of challenging science
2013 Standout
Analysis of an aluminum single crystal with unstable initial orientation (001) [110] in channel die compression
1991
Dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization under hot, cold and severe plastic deformation conditions
2013 Standout
The effect of solute on discontinuous dynamic recrystallization
2012
New trends in creep microstructural models for pure metals
1987
A constitutive model for the tensile behaviour of TWIP steels: Composition and temperature dependencies
2015
Heterogeneous deformation in twinning-induced plasticity steel
2012
Work hardening and kinetics of dynamic recrystallization in hot deformed austenite
2010
Dislocation structures and crystal orientations of copper single crystals deformed by equal-channel angular pressing
2005
Plastic instabilities and uniaxial tensile ductilities
1980
Constitutive equations for use in prediction of flow stress during extrusion of aluminium alloys
1997
The effect of twinning and slip on the bauschinger effect of hadfield steel single crystals
2001
Microstructure evolution and critical stress for twinning in the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy
2016
Nucleation and microtexture development under dynamic recrystallization of copper
2002
A mathematical and experimental dynamical phase diagram for ball-milled Ni10Zr7
1994
High-temperature structural intermetallics
2000 Standout
Modelling and design of stress-induced martensite formation in metastable β
2013
Theory of flow localisation due to dynamic strain ageing
1988
Microstructural size effects on mechanical properties of high purity nickel
2010
Modeling of deformation and rotation bands and of deformation induced grain boundaries in IF steel aggregate during large plane strain compression
2004
Mesoscale simulation of deformed austenite decomposition into ferrite by coupling a cellular automaton method with a crystal plasticity finite element model
2004
A new mechanism of work hardening in the late stages of large strain plastic flow in F.C.C. and diamond cubic crystals
1993
Dynamic recrystallization under changing loading conditions
1987
Experimental investigation of plastic grain interaction
2002
The influence of back pressure on ECAP processed AA 6016: Modeling and experiment
2007
Thermostatistical modelling of hot deformation in FCC metals
2013
Recrystallization kinetics within adiabatic shear bands
1997
Metal forming: Industrial, mechanical computational and microstructural
1993
Effect of Strain Rate on the Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior in a Nitrogen-Enhanced 316L(N)
2014
On the dependence of in-grain subdivision and deformation texture of aluminum on grain interaction
2002
Viscoplasticity of heterogeneous metallic materials
2008
Modeling of continuous dynamic recrystallization in commercial-purity aluminum
2009
Nucleation of dynamic recrystallization and variant selection in copper bicrystals
2007
Dislocation density based modeling of work hardening in the context of integrative modeling of aluminum processing
2004
Recent advances in friction-stir welding – Process, weldment structure and properties
2008 Standout
Crystal plasticity modeling of texture development and hardening in TWIP steels
2012
Analysis of Structural Factors That Control Necking during Tension of FCC Metals and Alloys
2005
A review of dynamic recrystallization phenomena in metallic materials
2016 Standout
Temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of equiatomic solid solution alloys with face-centered cubic crystal structures
2014 Standout
Modeling the strain hardening response of low SFE FCC alloys
1998
Grain-size strengthening in terms of dislocation density measured by resistivity
1991
On the role of non-basal deformation mechanisms for the ductility of Mg and Mg–Y alloys
2010 Standout
Mechanical alloying and milling
2001 Standout
Strain hardening regimes and microstructural evolution during large strain compression of low stacking fault energy fcc alloys that form deformation twins
1997
A Phenomenological Model of Twinning Kinetics
2016
Orientation dependence of twinning and strain hardening behaviour of a high manganese twinning induced plasticity steel with polycrystalline structure
2011
Modeling the dynamic recrystallization under multi-stage hot deformation
2004
Dislocation and twin substructure evolution during strain hardening of an Fe–22wt.% Mn–0.6wt.% C TWIP steel observed by electron channeling contrast imaging
2011 Standout
Development of microstructure in FCC metals during cold work
1999
Microstructures and properties of copper processed by equal channel angular extrusion for 1–16 passes
2004
A Monte Carlo study of influence of deformation temperature on dynamic recrystallization
1995
Analysis of work hardening and recrystallization during the hot working of steel using a statistically based internal variable model
2003
Overview no. 35 Dynamic recrystallization: Mechanical and microstructural considerations
1984 Standout
Validating a polycrystal model for the elastoplastic response of magnesium alloy AZ31 using in situ neutron diffraction
2006
Constitutive Modeling of the Tensile Behavior of Al-TWIP Steel
2011
Flow behavior of PST and fully lamellar polycrystals of Ti–48Al in the microstrain regime
1998
A critical review of experimental results and constitutive descriptions for metals and alloys in hot working
2010
Grain-size effect in viscoplastic polycrystals at moderate strains
2000
The influences of temperature and microstructure on the tensile properties of a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy
2013 Standout
Development of dynamic recrystallization theory
2004
Time-dependent deformation of metals
1985
Nonconvex energy minimization and dislocation structures in ductile single crystals
1999
Work hardening in heterogeneous alloys—a microstructural approach based on three internal state variables
2000
Scaling laws for dislocation microstructures in monotonic and cyclic deformation of fcc metals
2011
Hot Deformation and Recrystallization of Austenitic Stainless Steel: Part I. Dynamic Recrystallization
2008
Fracture processes in superplastic flow
1982
Mechanical properties of alloys consisting of two ductile phases
2006
Multi-phase-field simulations for dynamic recrystallization
2009
Evaluation of the Role of Deformation Twinning in Work Hardening Behavior of Face-Centered-Cubic Polycrystals
2007
Multiscale modeling of hot-working with dynamic recrystallization by coupling microstructure evolution and macroscopic mechanical behavior
2013
Overview No. 76
1988
Saturation of Fragmentation During Severe Plastic Deformation
2010
The origins of heterogeneous deformation during primary hot working of Ti–6Al–4V
2002
Hall–Petch relation and boundary strengthening
2004 Standout
Friction stir welding and processing
2005 Standout
Multicomponent intermetallic nanoparticles and superb mechanical behaviors of complex alloys
2018 StandoutScience
Critical grain size for dislocation storage and consequences for strain hardening of nanocrystalline materials
2010
Microstructure evolution during dynamic discontinuous recrystallization in particle-containing Cu
2014
Flow stress analysis of TWIP steel via the XRD measurement of dislocation density
2010
Effect of Grain Size on Tensile Properties of TWIP Steel
2007
Cold work hardening in stages IV and V of F.C.C. metals—II. Model fits and physical results
1993
Perspectives on Titanium Science and Technology
2013 Standout
Deformation behaviour and microstructure of nanocrystalline electrodeposited and high pressure torsioned nickel
2005
Toward a quantitative understanding of mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline metals
2007 Standout
Modelling of work hardening and stress saturation in FCC metals
1997
Evolution of dislocation structures and deformation behavior of iron at different temperatures: Part I. strain hardening curves and cellular structure
1992
Deformation of lamellar structure in TiAl-Ti3Al two-phase alloys
1998
Micromechanics of pyramidal indentation in fcc metals: Single crystal plasticity finite element analysis
2008
Effect of stress reversals on the work hardening behaviour of polycrystalline copper
1986
A New Approach to Modeling the Flow Curve of Hot Deformed Austenite
2011
Cold work hardening in stages IV and V of F.C.C. metals—I. Experiments and interpretation
1993
Electron channeling contrast imaging of twins and dislocations in twinning-induced plasticity steels under controlled diffraction conditions in a scanning electron microscope
2009
Revealing the strain-hardening behavior of twinning-induced plasticity steels: Theory, simulations, experiments
2012
Energy of slip transmission and nucleation at grain boundaries
2010
The role of grain size and selected microstructural parameters in strengthening fully lamellar TiAl alloys
1998
On deformation twinning in a 17.5% Mn–TWIP steel: A physically based phenomenological model
2010
Texture development in high strength aluminium alloys
1990
Strengthening austenitic steels by using nanotwinned austenitic grains
2012
The role of coincidence-site-lattice boundaries in creep of Ni-16Cr-9Fe at 360 °C
1997
Micromechanical and macromechanical effects in grain scale polycrystal plasticity experimentation and simulation
2001
On the origin of deformation-induced rotation patterns below nanoindents
2007
Microstructural control and mechanical properties of dual-phase TiAl alloys
1998
Three strategies to achieve uniform tensile deformation in a nanostructured metal
2004
The Avrami kinetics of dynamic recrystallization
2009
Substructures in aluminium from dynamic and static recovery
1988
Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation
2000 Standout
Necklace formation during dynamic recrystallization: mechanisms and impact on flow behavior
1998
Fine-structured aluminium products with controllable texture by selective laser melting of pre-alloyed AlSi10Mg powder
2012 Standout
Quantitative criterion for recrystallization nucleation in single-phase alloys: Prediction of critical strains and incubation times
2006
Multi-phase-field Simulations of Dynamic Recrystallization during Transient Deformation
2011
Strengthening an austenitic Fe–Mn steel using nanotwinned austenitic grains
2012
Tuning Low Cycle Fatigue Properties of Cu-Be-Co-Ni Alloy by Precipitation Design
2018
Theory of orientation gradients in plastically strained crystals
2002
Metastable Austenite in 17–4 Precipitation‐Hardening Stainless Steel Produced by Selective Laser Melting
2010
The mechanical properties of superplastic materials
1982
Discontinuous subgrain growth in deformed and annealed {110} 〈001〉 aluminium single crystals
1996
Microstructure and texture development of copper single crystals deformed by equal-channel angular pressing
2004
The effect of interstitial carbon on the mechanical properties and dislocation substructure evolution in Fe40.4Ni11.3Mn34.8Al7.5Cr6 high entropy alloys
2016
Evolution of texture during thermomechanical processing of titanium and its alloys
2008
A mean field model of dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization predicting kinetics, grain size and flow stress
2015
Comments on ‘a model of continuous dynamic recrystallization’ proposed for aluminum
2004
High manganese austenitic twinning induced plasticity steels: A review of the microstructure properties relationships
2011 Standout
Finite element simulations of cold deformation at the mesoscale
1998
Deformation and fracture of PST crystals and directionally solidified ingots of TiAl-based alloys
1998
Nucleation mechanisms of dynamic recrystallization in austenitic steel alloy 800H
1998
Integration algorithm for modeling the elasto-viscoplastic response of polycrystalline materials
1999
A physical model of the twinning-induced plasticity effect in a high manganese austenitic steel
2004
On the relationship between the twin internal structure and the work-hardening rate of TWIP steels
2010
A two-site mean field model of discontinuous dynamic recrystallization
2011
Microstructure-based crystal plasticity modeling of cyclic deformation of Ti–6Al–4V
2007
The onset of twinning in metals: a constitutive description
2001 Standout
The effect of alpha platelet thickness on plastic flow during hot working of TI–6Al–4V with a transformed microstructure
2001
Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys
2013 Standout
Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement
2006 Standout
Twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels
2017 Standout
Modeling of deformation behavior of copper under equal channel angular pressing
2003
Computational description of nanocrystalline deformation based on crystal plasticity
2004
Slip geometry in partially constrained deformation
1982
Mechanical behavior of amorphous alloys
2007 Standout
Performance and Characterization of TWIP Steels for Automotive Applications
2013
Modelling of TWIP effect on work-hardening
2001
The brass-type texture and its deviation from the copper-type texture
2008
Temperature dependence of the flow stress of Fe–18Mn–0.6C–xAl twinning-induced plasticity steel
2013
N-site modeling of a 3D viscoplastic polycrystal using Fast Fourier Transform
2001
Hydrogen interactions with defects in crystalline solids
1992 Standout
Competing mechanisms and modeling of deformation in austenitic stainless steel single crystals with and without nitrogen
2001
Formation of nanostructured surface layer on AISI 304 stainless steel by means of surface mechanical attrition treatment
2003 Standout
Modeling the Flow Curve of Hot Deformed Austenite
2012
On the origin of the tensile flow stress in the stainless steel AISI 316L at 300 K: back stress and effective stress
1999 Standout
Tensile strength and ductility of indium
1988
High dislocation density–induced large ductility in deformed and partitioned steels
2017 StandoutScience
The influence of stacking fault energy on the mechanical behavior of Cu and Cu-Al alloys: Deformation twinning, work hardening, and dynamic recovery
2001
Conversion of the hot torsion test results into flow curve with multiple regimes of hardening
2004
A Critical Assessment of Three Usual Equations for Strain Hardening and Dynamic Recovery
2014
Microstructure and deformation of two-phase γ-titanium aluminides
1998
Investigating the limits of polycrystal plasticity modeling
2004
Influence of grain size and stacking-fault energy on deformation twinning in fcc metals
1999
Polycrystal plasticity modeling of intracrystalline boundary textures
1999
High-entropy alloys
2019 Standout
Latent hardening in copper and aluminium single crystals
1980
Grain interaction effects in polycrystalline Cu
2005
A constitutive model of the deformation behaviour of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel at different temperatures
2014
Dislocation modelling of shear in f.c.c. crystals
1985
Overview no. 76
1988 Standout
Texture and anisotropy
2004
Transition from strengthening to softening by grain boundaries in ultrafine-grained Cu
2004
Modeling microstructural effects on the evolution of cube texture during hot deformation of aluminum
2004
Dense dislocation walls and microbands aligned with slip planes—theoretical considerations
1997
An integrated full-field model of concurrent plastic deformation and microstructure evolution: Application to 3D simulation of dynamic recrystallization in polycrystalline copper
2016
Modelling the effect of deformation-induced vacancies on segregation and precipitation
1994
Controlled Reduction of NiO Using Reactive Ball Milling under Hydrogen Atmosphere Leading to Ni−NiO Nanocomposites
2004
Exchange bias in nanostructures
2005 Standout
Hot working characteristics of steels in austenitic state
1995
Preferential nucleation of dynamic recrystallization at triple junctions
2003
Characterization and Modeling of Manganese Effect on Strength and Strain Hardening of Martensitic Carbon Steels
2013
Predicting the Hall–Petch effect in fcc metals using non-local crystal plasticity
2007
A texture component model for anisotropic polycrystal plasticity
2004
Microstructural evolution in a non-cell forming metal: AlMg
1993
Demonstration of superconducting micromachined cavities
2015 StandoutNobel
A constitutive description of the deformation of copper based on the use of the mechanical threshold stress as an internal state variable
1988
Effect of grain orientation on deformation structure in cold-rolled polycrystalline aluminium
1998
Current issues in recrystallization: a review
1997 Standout
Influence of deformation variables on the formation of copper-type shear bands in Al–1Mg
2001
Modeling the deformation behavior of Hadfield steel single and polycrystals due to twinning and slip
2000
X-ray line-broadening study of the dislocation cell structure in deformed [001]-orientated copper single crystals
1984
A model for the grain size dependent work hardening of copper
2006
Revealing the Maximum Strength in Nanotwinned Copper
2009 StandoutScience
Development of texture and microstructure during cold-rolling and annealing of F.C.C. alloys: Example of an austenitic stainless steel
1989
Cold rolling textures in AZ31 wrought magnesium alloy
2004
Numerical simulations of necking during tensile deformation of aluminum single crystals
2008
Simulation of Austenite Flow Curves under Industrial Rolling Conditions Using a Physical Dynamic Recrystallization Model
2012
A one-parameter approach to determining the critical conditions for the initiation of dynamic recrystallization
1996
A flow stress for the deformation under varying condition—internal and state variable models
2013
Nucleation of dynamic recrystallization at triple junctions in polycrystalline copper
2005
Mechanical behavior and microstructure evolution during steady-state dynamic recrystallization in the austenitic steel 800H
2008
Anisotropy of plastic flow in strongly textured γ-TiAl-based alloys
1998
Dynamic grain growth a restoration mechanism in 99.999 Al
1993
Superplasticity in advanced materials
1993
Kinetics of solution hardening
1985
Additive manufacturing of metals
2016 Standout
Work hardening in rolled nanolayered metallic composites
2004
Works of H. Mecking being referenced
Analysis of experimental and theoretical rolling textures of two-phase titanium alloys
1996
Deformation structure and nucleation of dynamic recrystallization in copper single crystals
1983
Plane strain deformation mechanism in lamellar Ti48at%Al
1993
A new aspect of the theory of flow stress of metals
1970
A unique description of steady state deformation of Al and Al-Mg alloys
1997
Processing and Characterization of Novel Intermetallic/Ceramic Composites
1998
A unified phenomenological description of work hardening and creep based on one-parameter models
1984
Development of localized orientation gradients in fcc polycrystals
1996
Die Bestimmung de aaktivierungsvolumens durch Wechsel der dehngeschwindigkeit, insbesondere an silbereinkristallen
1967
Textures and plastic anisotropy in γ-TiAl
1992
General Aspects of the Thermomechanical Treatment of Two-Phase Intermetallic TiAl Compounds
1993
Finite element modelling of two phase Fe–Cu polycrystals
2004
Textures of copper single crystals after rolling at room temperature
1977
Development of shear bands in f.c.c. single crystals
1985
Texture development in halite: Comparison of Taylor model and self-consistent theory
1989
Kinetics of flow and strain-hardening
1981 Standout
Correlations between stress, strain and dislocation arrangement in weakly deformed copper single crystals
1976
Plastic flow of γ-TiAl-based polysynthetically twinned crystals: micromechanical modeling and experimental validation
1998
Texture and Microstructure of Ti-49at%Al after Dynamic Recrystallization and Annealing.
1993
Deformation modes in γ-TiAl as derived from the single crystal yield surface
1996
Micromechanical interaction in two-phase iron–copper polycrystals
1999
Influence of friction and geometry of deformation on texture inhomogeneities during rolling of Cu single crystals as an example
1978
An extension of the Bodner-Partom model of plastic deformation
1986
Taylor factors in materials with many deformation modes
1996
Physics and phenomenology of strain hardening: the FCC case
2002 Standout
Calculation of the spread of orientations of a rolled aluminium single crystal and the nucleation of recrystallization
1976
The effect of vacancy generation on plastic deformation
1980
A “universal” temperature scale for plastic flow
1986
The development of strain-rate gradients
1979
Quantitative analyse der bereich III-verfestigung von silber-einkristallen
1969
Stored energy of 78 K tensile deformed copper crystals
1975
Interphase and intergranular stress generation in composites exhibiting plasticity in both phases
2005
Dynamic recrystallization in tension-deformed copper single crystals
1979
Stability of the texture of Ti-6Al-4V during rolling in the two phase field
1986